quark

American  

[kwawrk, kwahrk] / kwɔrk, kwɑrk /

noun

1. Physics. any of the particles with spin 1/2, baryon number 1/3, and electric charge 1/3 or −2/3 that, together with their antiparticles, are believed to constitute all the elementary particles classed as baryons and mesons; they are distinguished by their flavors, designated as up (u), down (d), strange (s), charm (c), bottom or beauty (b), and top or truth (t), and their colors, red, green, and blue.

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quark ¹ British  

/ kwɑːk /

noun

1. physics any of a set of six hypothetical elementary particles together with their antiparticles thought to be fundamental units of all baryons and mesons but unable to exist in isolation. The magnitude of their charge is either two thirds or one third of that of the electron

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quark ² British  

/ kwɑːk /

noun

1. a type of low-fat soft cheese

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quark Scientific  

/ kwôrk,kwärk /

1. Any of a group of elementary particles supposed to be the fundamental units that combine to make up the subatomic particles known as hadrons (baryons, such as neutrons and protons, and mesons). There are six different flavors (or types) of quark: up quark, down quark, top quark, bottom quark, charm quark, and strange quark. Quarks have fractional electric charges, such as 1/3 the charge of an electron.

2. See Note at elementary particle See Table at subatomic particle

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Etymology

Origin of quark

Coined in 1963 by U.S. physicist Murray Gell-Mann (1929–2019), who associated it with a word in Joyce's Finnegans Wake, read variously as English quark croak and German Quark curd, (slang) rubbish, tripe

Explanation

A quark is an elementary particle with an electric charge. When quarks combine, they form another type of particle called a "hadron." If you want to learn more, take up particle physics. Quarks are held together by what physicists call "the strong force" or "the strong nuclear force." The most stable of these quark combinations, or hadrons, are protons and neutrons — the basic building blocks of atoms. In the 1960s, a physicist named Murray Gell-Mann named these particles from a favorite made-up word in James Joyce's book Finnegan's Wake: quark. Gell-Mann's partner reportedly preferred the word ace.

Example Sentences

She has also sailed to Antarctica with Quark Expeditions on the Ocean Explorer, which debuted in 2021, and on yacht-like vessels to Alaska with smaller operators.

From The Wall Street Journal • May 17, 2026

“Lightweight and ergonomically designed, Quark AI Glasses support hands-free calling, music streaming, real-time language translation, and meeting transcription,” Alibaba said.

From Barron's • Oct. 23, 2025

"If I'm being honest, her winning is better for the Oscars than the Oscars are for her," says Filipino filmmaker Quark Henares, likening it to "the afterglow the Academy enjoyed after the Parasite win".

From BBC • Mar. 10, 2023

The first incident occurred when an inflatable zodiac boat, operated by Quark Expeditions off the Portuguese-flagged World Explorer passenger ship, capsized off the coast of Antarctica’s Elephant Island.

From Washington Times • Feb. 8, 2023

Aw, Top Quark, I’ll never get the prize at the fair.

From "Feed" by M.T. Anderson