empirical

American  

[em-pir-i-kuhl] / ɛmˈpɪr ɪ kəl /

adjective

1. derived from or guided by direct experience or by experiment, rather than abstract principles or theory.

   Empirical evidence of changes in kelp consumption was gathered by measuring the bite marks in seaweed fronds.

   Synonyms:

   pragmatic, firsthand, practical

   Antonyms:

   theoretical, secondhand

2. depending upon experience or observation alone, without using scientific method or theory, and hence sometimes insufficiently authoritative, especially as in medicine.

   That is nothing but an empirical conclusion with no regard for the laws of thermodynamics.

   Synonyms:

   pragmatic, firsthand, practical

   Antonyms:

   theoretical, secondhand

3. provable or verifiable by experience or experiment, as scientific laws.

   Theoretical physics is criticized for producing complex concepts that are mathematical, not empirical.

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empirical British  

/ ɛmˈpɪrɪkəl /

adjective

1. derived from or relating to experiment and observation rather than theory

2. (of medical treatment) based on practical experience rather than scientific proof

3. philosophy

   1. (of knowledge) derived from experience rather than by logic from first principles Compare a priori a posteriori

   2. (of a proposition) subject, at least theoretically, to verification Compare analytic synthetic

4. of or relating to medical quackery

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noun

1. statistics the posterior probability of an event derived on the basis of its observed frequency in a sample Compare mathematical probability See also posterior probability

empirical Scientific  

/ ĕm-pîr′ĭ-kəl /

1. Relying on or derived from observation or experiment.

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Other Word Forms

• antiempirical adjective
• empirically adverb
• empiricalness noun
• nonempirical adjective
• overempirical adjective
• semiempirical adjective
• unempirical adjective

Etymology

Origin of empirical

First recorded in 1560–70; empiric + -al ¹

Compare meaning

How does empirical compare to similar and commonly confused words? Explore the most common comparisons:

• empirical vs. theoretical
• empirical vs. molecular formula
• empirical vs. molecular

Example Sentences

The study, "An empirical view of the extended atmosphere and inner envelope of the asymptotic giant branch star R Doradus II. Constraining the dust properties with radiative transfer modelling," is published in Astronomy & Astrophysics.

From Science Daily

By developing a new high-density operating approach for EAST, the team showed that plasma density can be pushed well past long-standing empirical limits without triggering the disruptive instabilities that usually end experiments.

From Science Daily

"NFL has made many rule changes based on empirical evidence and data information," said Kitman Labs founder Stephen Smith, whose firm provides professional sports teams with data and analytics to monitor player welfare.

From BBC

We picture an idealized version of ourselves—disciplined, virtuous, rising at dawn—rather than the empirical version that hits the snooze button.

From The Wall Street Journal

The focus, Mr. Thaler writes, was on “on economics anomalies, which would be defined as empirical observations that were inconsistent with standard economic theory.”

From The Wall Street Journal

Related Words

• experimental
• factual
• observational