passive-aggressive

American  

[pas-iv-uh-gres-iv] / ˈpæs ɪv əˈgrɛs ɪv /

adjective

1. denoting or pertaining to a personality type or behavior marked by the expression of negative emotions in passive, indirect ways, as through manipulation or noncooperation.

   a passive-aggressive employee who often misses deadlines.

---

passive-aggressive British  

adjective

1. psychoanal of or relating to a personality that harbours aggressive emotions while behaving in a calm or detached manner

---

Usage

What does passive-aggressive mean? Passive aggressive behavior is a way to express feelings of anger or annoyance, but in a non-forthcoming way. Instead of communicating openly, people who engage in this type of behavior share their negative feelings through actions. Passive aggressive personality disorder was once also a psychiatric diagnosis.

Other Word Forms

Derived Forms

• passive-aggression
  noun

Etymology

Origin of passive-aggressive

First recorded in 1945–50

Example Sentences

The conflict is often subtle, she explains, and as well as exclusion can include gossip and passive-aggressive comments.

From BBC • Jan. 17, 2026

He has historically been passive-aggressive and he has become hostile toward me.

From MarketWatch • Dec. 30, 2025

Metcalfe’s thesis is driven by a romanticized notion of Blundy’s life, but as McEwan slowly and carefully reveals, his poem, ostensibly a “repository of dreams,” more closely resembles a passive-aggressive act.

From Los Angeles Times • Sep. 19, 2025

Besides being overtaken by moss, ivy and ferns, Seattle’s surviving denizens have evolved from passive-aggressive to plain old aggressive.

From Salon • Apr. 13, 2025

Probably more than I thought—but handing each one over to my mother was like running the gauntlet of passive-aggressive pep talks.

From "Made You Up" by Francesca Zappia