metal

¹ American  

[met-l] / ˈmɛt l /

noun

1. any of a class of elementary substances, as gold, silver, or copper, all of which are crystalline when solid and many of which are characterized by opacity, ductility, conductivity, and a unique luster when freshly fractured.

2. Chemistry.

   1. such a substance in its pure state, as distinguished from alloys.

   2. an element yielding positively charged ions in aqueous solutions of its salts.

3. an alloy or mixture composed wholly or partly of such substances, as brass.

4. an object made of metal.

5. formative material; stuff.

6. mettle.

7. Printing.

   1. type metal.

   2. the state of being set in type.

8. molten glass in the pot or melting tank.

9. British.  road metal.

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verb (used with object)

metaled, metaling metalled, metalling

1. to furnish or cover with metal.

2. British.  to pave or surface (a road) with broken stone.

metal. ² American  

abbreviation

1. metallurgical.

2. metallurgy.

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metal ¹ British  

/ ˈmɛtəl /

noun

1. 1. any of a number of chemical elements, such as iron or copper, that are often lustrous ductile solids, have basic oxides, form positive ions, and are good conductors of heat and electricity

   2. an alloy, such as brass or steel, containing one or more of these elements

2. printing type made of metal

3. the substance of glass in a molten state or as the finished product

4. short for road metal

5. informal  short for heavy metal

6. navy

   1. the total weight of projectiles that can be shot by a ship's guns at any one time

   2. the total weight or number of a ship's guns

7. Also called: heavy element.  astronomy any element heavier than helium

8. heraldry gold or silver

9. (plural) the rails of a railway

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adjective

1. made of metal

verb

1. to fit or cover with metal

2. to make or mend (a road) with road metal

metal. ² British  

abbreviation

1. metallurgical

2. metallurgy

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metal Scientific  

/ mĕt′l /

1. Any of a large group of chemical elements, including iron, gold, copper, lead, and magnesium, that readily become cations and form ionic bonds, having relatively free valence electrons (electrons in the outer shells). Metals are generally good conductors of electricity because of the freedom of their valence electrons. Metals generally conduct heat well, and in solid form are relatively malleable and ductile compared to other solids. They are usually shiny and opaque. All metals except mercury are solid at room temperature.

2. An alloy, such as steel or bronze, made of two or more metals.

3. In astronomy, any atom except hydrogen and helium.

4. Small stones or gravel, mixed with tar to form tarmac for the surfacing of roads.

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Usage

Most metallic elements are lustrous or colorful solids that are good conductors of heat and electricity, and readily form ionic bonds with other elements. Many of their properties are due to the fact that their outermost electrons, called valence electrons, are not tightly bound to the nucleus. For instance, most metals form ionic bonds easily because they readily give up valence electrons to other atoms, thereby becoming positive ions (cations). The electrical conductivity of metals also stems from the relative freedom of valence electrons. In a substance composed of metals, the atoms are in a virtual ”sea“ of valence electrons that readily jump from atom to atom in the presence of an electric potential, creating electric current. With the exception of hydrogen, which behaves like a metal only at very high pressures, the elements that appear in the left-hand column of the Periodic Table are called alkali metals. Alkali metals, such as sodium and potassium, have only one electron in their outermost shell, and are chemically very reactive. (Hydrogen is exceptional in that, although it is highly reactive, its other metallic properties are manifest only at very high pressures.) Metals farther toward the right side of the Periodic Table, such as tin and lead, have more electrons in their outermost shell, and are not as reactive. The somewhat reactive elements that fall between the two extremes are the transition elements, such as iron, copper, tungsten, and silver. In most atoms, inner electron shells must be maximally occupied by electrons before an outer shell will accept electrons, but many transition elements have electron gaps in the shell just inside the valence shell. This configuration leads to a wide variety of available energy levels for electrons to move about in, so in the presence of electromagnetic radiation such as light, a variety of frequencies are readily emitted or absorbed. Thus transition metals tend to be very colorful, and each contributes different colors to different compounds.

Other Word Forms

• metal-like adjective
• metallike adjective
• unmetaled adjective
• unmetalled adjective

Etymology

Origin of metal

1250–1300; Middle English (< Old French ) < Latin metallum quarry, metal < Greek métallon mine, quarry, metal

Example Sentences

European plane-maker Airbus said Monday it had detected a "quality issue" affecting metal panels on its popular A320 passenger jet but the problem was "contained".

From Barron's

Michael Brown, a strategist at broker Pepperstone, suggested that the rally has legs, however—especially since the recent run-up could attract more retail investors to the metal, which is historically a volatile commodity.

From Barron's

Airbus customers have also been left frustrated by delivery delays and a large-scale metal contamination problem on engines manufactured for the latest generation A320neo family.

From The Wall Street Journal

Silver lease rates—the cost of borrowing the physical metal—rose significantly this year.

From The Wall Street Journal

Authorities also noted safety hazards associated with bamboo scaffolding, a longtime Hong Kong construction practice, and said they would discuss the gradual introduction of metal scaffolding.

From The Wall Street Journal

Related Words

• alloy
• hardware
• ingot
• mineral
• ore