brainstem

American  

[breyn-stem] / ˈbreɪnˌstɛm /

Or brain stem

noun

1. the portion of the brain that is continuous with the spinal cord and comprises the medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, and parts of the hypothalamus, functioning in the control of reflexes and such essential internal mechanisms as respiration and heartbeat.

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brainstem British  

/ ˈbreɪnˌstɛm /

noun

1. the stalklike part of the brain consisting of the medulla oblongata, the midbrain, and the pons Varolii

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brainstem Scientific  

/ brān′stĕm′ /

1. The part of the vertebrate brain located at the base of the brain and made up of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain. The brainstem controls and regulates vital body functions, including respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure.

2. See also reticular formation

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Etymology

Origin of brainstem

First recorded in 1875–80; brain + stem ¹

Example Sentences

This area, called the lateral parafacial region, is located in the brainstem, the oldest part of the brain responsible for automatic functions like breathing, digestion, and heart rate.

From Science Daily • Mar. 22, 2026

Researchers at the University of Sydney have revealed a brainstem network that manages pain differently depending on where it occurs in the body.

From Science Daily • Nov. 4, 2025

Dr. Crawford noted, "We found that upper parts of the brainstem were more active when relieving facial pain, while lower regions were engaged for arm or leg pain."

From Science Daily • Nov. 4, 2025

What especially piqued Ruyle’s interest in the nTS is that it’s the first area of the brainstem to receive input from the large nerves that relay information about cardiorespiratory function.

From Salon • Feb. 6, 2025

That is why our brainstem is surrounded by the R-complex, then the limbic system and finally the cerebral cortex.

From "Cosmos" by Carl Sagan