natural selection

American  

[nach-er-uhl si-lek-shuhn, nach-ruhl] / ˈnætʃ ər əl sɪˈlɛk ʃən, ˈnætʃ rəl /

noun

1. the process by which forms of life having traits that better enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures, as predators, changes in climate, or competition for food or mates, will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers than others of their kind, thus ensuring the perpetuation of those favorable traits in succeeding generations.

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natural selection British  

noun

1. a process resulting in the survival of those individuals from a population of animals or plants that are best adapted to the prevailing environmental conditions. The survivors tend to produce more offspring than those less well adapted, so that the characteristics of the population change over time, thus accounting for the process of evolution

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natural selection Scientific  

1. The process by which organisms that are better suited to their environment than others produce more offspring. As a result of natural selection, the proportion of organisms in a species with characteristics that are adaptive to a given environment increases with each generation. Therefore, natural selection modifies the originally random variation of genetic traits in a species so that alleles that are beneficial for survival predominate, while alleles that are not beneficial decrease. Originally proposed by Charles Darwin, natural selection forms the basis of the process of evolution.

2. See Notes at adaptation evolution Compare artificial selection

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natural selection Cultural  

1. A process fundamental to evolution as described by Charles Darwin. By natural selection, any characteristic of an individual that allows it to survive to produce more offspring will eventually appear in every individual of the species, simply because those members will have more offspring.

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Discover More

The expression survival of the fittest was used to describe this process in the nineteenth century but is not favored by modern scientists.

Etymology

Origin of natural selection

First recorded in 1855–60

Compare meaning

How does natural-selection compare to similar and commonly confused words? Explore the most common comparisons:

• natural selection vs. artificial selection
• sexual selection vs. natural selection

Example Sentences

See Examples For:

natural selection

Conscious feelings have more efficacy than nonconscious processes, meaning that once they emerged, they conferred so great an advantage that natural selection had to favor them.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Sep. 4, 2026

Gribble thinks part of the explanation may be that natural selection becomes weaker later in an organism's life.

From Science Daily ● Aug. 19, 2026

He said the new findings provide unusually strong evidence that natural selection acted on this gene in the Andes after potato cultivation began.

From Science Daily ● Aug. 10, 2026

While evolution lacks “intention,” the author observes, natural selection is “relentlessly, exquisitely” effective at enabling life to adapt to a range of environmental conditions.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Jul. 24, 2026

Darwin had reasoned that evolution works via natural selection—but for natural selection to work, there had to be something natural to select.

From "The Gene" by Siddhartha Mukherjee