✅ Innovation refers to the process of introducing new methods and ideas (Her ideas led to significant innovation in space travel). ✅ Modernization refers to the process of bringing something up-to-date (The city’s transport network required modernization). ✅ Innovation and modernization refer to similar ideas. Both words refer to processes that bring in new ideas and developments. ✅ Innovation suggests staying on the cutting edge, whereas modernization suggests keeping up with everyone else.