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  • cross reference
    cross reference
    noun
    a reference from one part of a book, index, or the like, to related material, as a word or illustration, in another part.
  • cross-reference
    cross-reference
    verb (used with or without object)
    to provide with cross references.

cross reference

1 American  

noun

  1. a reference from one part of a book, index, or the like, to related material, as a word or illustration, in another part.


cross-reference 2 American  
[kraws-ref-er-uhns, -ref-ruhns, kros-] / ˈkrɔsˈrɛf ər əns, -ˈrɛf rəns, ˈkrɒs- /

verb (used with or without object)

cross-references, present (3rd person singular) cross-referenced, past participle, past cross-referencing present participle
  1. to provide with cross references.

    The new encyclopedia is completely cross-referenced.

  2. cross-refer.


cross-reference British  

noun

  1. a reference within a text to another part of the text

"Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged" 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

verb

  1. to cross-refer

"Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged" 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

Other Word Forms

Inflected Forms

Participles

Conjugated Forms

Present

Past

Future

Etymology

Origin of cross reference1

First recorded in 1825–35

Origin of cross-reference2

First recorded in 1900–05

Explanation

When a book mentions something from a different part of the same book, that's a cross-reference. In a textbook, a cross-reference might look like this: "See page 123." Cross-reference, "a reference in a book to another part of it," was coined in the 19th century. It's a way to add more information without going into wordy detail, similar to using a footnote or endnote in academic writing. If you look up "Amelia Earhart" in an index at the back of a book, you might see cross-references such as "See also: Earhart, Amelia" and "See also: aviators."

Keep Reading on Vocabulary.com

Vocabulary lists containing cross-reference

Example Sentences

Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.

See Examples For:

The Mayo Clinic provides some symptoms of BPD, which you can cross reference with your experience of your mother-in-law.

From MarketWatch Apr. 29, 2026

JXN Water, the corporation Henifin formed to manage water infrastructure projects, will cross reference the Entergy customer records with city records to see what homes might be using water without a utility account.

From Seattle Times Aug. 22, 2023

These people have different agendas and different biases, and you cross reference those lies.

From Salon Feb. 29, 2020

Lenahan said while the car is “indescribable,” once investigators have the vehicle identification number, they will be able to cross reference any missing persons reports or other incidents related to the vehicle.

From Washington Times Jan. 17, 2020

These Cross References are given both on the plate and the subject card as well as on the cross reference card.

From A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library by Dewey, Melvil

More than a decade ago, a local data nerd was able to obtain taxi commission data and cross-reference it with photos on celebrity gossip blogs to purportedly show that some celebrities didn’t tip their drivers.

From The Wall Street Journal Jul. 21, 2026

The cases don’t cross-reference one another, as often happens when the court decides two similar cases in the same term.

From Slate Jul. 1, 2026

You should also cross-reference the posted information with what local and state government officials, first responders, disaster relief agencies, known nonprofit organizations and trusted media outlets are saying on their official websites.

From Los Angeles Times Jan. 10, 2025

Having the location of each attack, we were able to calculate the time of filming using the shadows and to cross-reference with weather records to find the most likely date.

From BBC Oct. 31, 2024

I had one more name I needed to cross-reference with Bobbie Lyles.

From "Burning Blue" by Paul Griffin

She cross-references the many striking photos taken during the late September publicity shoot commissioned by the project’s director of public relations, Merle Crowell.

From The Wall Street Journal May 22, 2026

Since then, AFP has automated area calculations of the geographic files supplied by ISW and cross-references them with the size of Ukrainian regions.

From Barron's Feb. 24, 2026

He then cross-references that information with satellite imagery.

From BBC Nov. 9, 2023

Like Faith Ringgold, who began fusions of quilting and painting in the 1980s, Biggers cross-references the two.

From Los Angeles Times Aug. 10, 2021

I checked the Talmudic cross-references for parallel texts and memorized whatever differences I found.

From "The Chosen" by Chaim Potok

For the report, the UN agency cross-referenced data showing where the roughly 2.4 billion children on the planet live with the geographic distribution of the eight most common climate impacts.

From Barron's Jun. 16, 2026

You never cross-referenced her number on the school’s parent list with the one on the text.

From The Wall Street Journal Nov. 5, 2025

Californians are required to verify their identities when they register to vote, and that information is cross-referenced with Department of Motor Vehicle files.

From Los Angeles Times Jun. 25, 2025

Officials said the casualty figures were based on open-source material, sometimes cross-referenced with classified data.

From BBC Dec. 6, 2024

These tests were, of course, cross-referenced with the fake educational background and work history that I’d given to my bogus Bryce Lynch identity.

From "Ready Player One: A Novel" by Ernest Cline

Using the same cross-referencing technique for previous reports, it is possible to track how the valuation multiples for the holdings have changed over time.

From The Wall Street Journal May 13, 2026

I studied the pages like scripture — cross-referencing crust ratios, comparing jam methods, building a menu as though I were prepping for an exam.

From Salon Oct. 14, 2025

They're cross-referencing those addresses with information from the electoral roll and other agencies to find the most likely locations, for someone who may be connected with the parents.

From BBC May 15, 2025

These powerful applications provide a virtual fire hose of real-time information, including location and address history, cross-referencing usernames, and fingerprinting a user based on writing style.

From Slate Feb. 5, 2025

I rearrange a few pill bottles, making sure one more time that everything is in the same chronological order as what I programmed into the app after cross-referencing his Donkey Kong-covered regimen.

From "Five Feet Apart" by Rachael Lippincott

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