hydrogen

American  

[hahy-druh-juhn] / ˈhaɪ drə dʒən /

noun

• hydrogens
  plural

1. a colorless, odorless, flammable gas that combines chemically with oxygen to form water: the lightest of the known elements. H; 1.00797; 1; density: 0.0899 grams/liter at 0°C and 760 millimeters pressure.

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hydrogen British  

/ ˈhaɪdrɪdʒən /

noun

1. 1. a flammable colourless gas that is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe. It occurs mainly in water and in most organic compounds and is used in the production of ammonia and other chemicals, in the hydrogenation of fats and oils, and in welding. Symbol: H; atomic no: 1; atomic wt: 1.00794; valency: 1; density: 0.08988 kg/m³; melting pt: –259.34°C; boiling pt: –252.87°C See also deuterium tritium

   2. ( as modifier )

      hydrogen bomb

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hydrogen Scientific  

/ hī′drə-jən /

1. The lightest and most abundant element in the universe, normally consisting of one proton and one electron. It occurs in water in combination with oxygen, in most organic compounds, and in small amounts in the atmosphere as a gaseous mixture of its three isotopes (protium, deuterium, and tritium) in the colorless, odorless compound H ₂. Hydrogen atoms are relatively electropositive and form hydrogen bonds with electronegative atoms. In the Sun and other stars, the conversion of hydrogen into helium by nuclear fusion produces heat and light. Hydrogen is used to make rocket fuel, synthetic ammonia, and methanol, to hydrogenate fats and oils, and to refine petroleum. The development of physical theories of electron orbitals in hydrogen was important in the development of quantum mechanics. Atomic number 1; atomic weight 1.00794; melting point −259.14°C; boiling point −252.8°C; density at 0°C 0.08987 gram per liter; valence 1.

2. See Periodic Table See Note at oxygen

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Other Word Forms

Noun Inflected Forms

• hydrogens
  plural

Etymology

Origin of hydrogen

First recorded in 1785–95; from the French word hydrogène; see hydro- ¹, -gen

Compare meaning

How does hydrogen compare to similar and commonly confused words? Explore the most common comparisons:

• hydrogen vs. atomic bomb
• deuterium vs. hydrogen

Explanation

Hydrogen is the very lightest chemical element, and the first one listed on the periodic table. Some scientists believe that hydrogen will one day be used as fuel in cars and trucks. Hydrogen's atomic number is one, because it has a single proton in its nucleus. It's a light, flammable gas that's the most common element in the universe. Humans use hydrogen in many ways, including to make ammonia, fertilizers, and petroleum products. It's also used in rocket fuel, and some see its potential as a clean alternative to oil and gas. Hydrogen's Greek roots mean "water-producing," from the fact that when it's exposed to oxygen, hydrogen produces water.

Example Sentences

See Examples For:

hydrogen hydrogens

The uncertainty is also complicating plans to turn the site into a refinery for synthetic fuels based on hydrogen.

From Barron's ● Sep. 4, 2026

According to the researchers, the results change the central question from "whether the gas is depleting" to "why it is increasingly difficult to form stars despite abundant neutral hydrogen reserves."

From Science Daily ● Sep. 3, 2026

Britain has not seen the level of opposition now facing US projects, McDonald said, but he cautioned against assuming it would stay that way, citing British resistance to hydrogen projects and fracking.

From Barron's ● Sep. 2, 2026

In the simulations, exposing Earth's atmosphere to a dense, cold cloud of galactic hydrogen increased atmospheric water vapor and changed conditions in the upper atmosphere.

From Science Daily ● Sep. 2, 2026

Teller’s team tried different designs, using some of the world’s first computers to churn through calculations of what would happen in each millionth of a second inside a hydrogen bomb.

From "Fallout: Spies, Superbombs, and the Ultimate Cold War Showdown" by Steve Sheinkin

But, at room temperature, the number of hydrogens attached to lanthanum fluctuates between 2 and 3, making it impossible to have efficient conduction.

From Science Daily ● Dec. 22, 2023

The oxygen atom has eight protons that pull the shared electrons slightly towards it, because it is stronger than the two protons that the hydrogens have.

From Textbooks ● Jan. 1, 2018

The mass spectrometer then works out how many carbons there are in the molecule, how many hydrogens, how many oxygens; and starts to build up the complete structure.

From BBC ● Jul. 7, 2015

Fructose and allulose have the same atomic components—six carbons, 12 hydrogens and six oxygens—but differ in the placement of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms.

From Newsweek ● Feb. 22, 2015

The hydrogens were part of the hydrogen bonds that held together the three intertwined chains.

From "Double Helix" by James D. Watson