ideal gas

American  

noun

Physics.

1. a gas composed of molecules on which no forces act except upon collision with one another and with the walls of the container in which the gas is enclosed; a gas that obeys the ideal gas law.

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ideal gas British  

noun

1. Also called: perfect gas.  a hypothetical gas which obeys Boyle's law exactly at all temperatures and pressures, and which has internal energy that depends only upon the temperature. Measurements upon real gases are extrapolated to zero pressure to obtain results in agreement with theories relating to an ideal gas, especially in thermometry

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ideal gas Scientific  

/ ī-dē′əl /

1. A hypothetical gas whose molecules bounce off each other (and the boundaries of their container) with perfect elasticity and have negligible size, and in which the intermolecular forces acting between molecules not in contact with each other are also negligible. Such a gas would obey the gas laws (such as Charles's law and Boyle's law) exactly at all temperatures and pressures. Most actual gases behave approximately as ideal gases, except at very low temperatures (when the potential energy of their intermolecular forces is high relative to the kinetic energy of the molecules and becomes significant), and under very high pressures (when the molecules are packed so close together that close-range intermolecular forces become significant).

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Etymology

Origin of ideal gas

First recorded in 1890–95

Example Sentences

"Knowledge of Bernoulli's law, the ideal gas law, and isothermal expansion are the three ingredients we baked into a model to explore how this device worked," Lipscombe said.

From Science Daily • Jan. 23, 2024

In a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of partial pressures of the component gases, assuming ideal gas behavior and no chemical reactions between the components.

From Textbooks • Aug. 12, 2015

We define the universal gas constant R = NAk , and obtain the ideal gas law in terms of moles.

From Textbooks • Aug. 12, 2015

Figure 13.23 The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular speeds in an ideal gas.

From Textbooks • Aug. 12, 2015

Wood.—Fuel and oil gas and the future Utopia of improved gas manufacturing.—The ideal gas company of after days.—A valuable and suggestive paper.

From Scientific American Supplement, No. 648, June 2, 1888. by Various