illumination

American  

[ih-loo-muh-ney-shuhn] / ɪˌlu məˈneɪ ʃən /

noun

1. an act or instance of illuminating.

2. the fact or condition of being illuminated.

3. a decoration of lights, usually colored lights.

4. Sometimes illuminations. an entertainment, display, or celebration using lights as a major feature or decoration.

5. intellectual or spiritual enlightenment.

   Synonyms:

   wisdom, insight, revelation, knowledge

6. Also called illuminance.  Also called intensity of illumination.  Optics. the intensity of light falling at a given place on a lighted surface; the luminous flux incident per unit area, expressed in lumens per unit of area.

7. a supply of light.

   a source of illumination.

8. decoration of a manuscript or book with a painted design in color, gold, etc.

9. a design used in such decoration.

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illumination British  

/ ɪˌluːmɪˈneɪʃən /

noun

1. the act of illuminating or the state of being illuminated

2. a source of light

3. (often plural) a light or lights, esp coloured lights, used as decoration in streets, parks, etc

4. spiritual or intellectual enlightenment; insight or understanding

5. the act of making understood; clarification

6. decoration in colours, gold, or silver used on some manuscripts or printed works

7. physics another name (not in technical usage) for illuminance

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Other Word Forms

• illuminational adjective
• nonillumination noun
• preillumination noun
• reillumination noun

Etymology

Origin of illumination

First recorded in 1300–50; Middle English, from Medieval Latin illūminātiōn-, stem of illūminātiō “spiritual enlightenment,” from Latin: “illustriousness, glory”; see illuminate ( def. ), -ion ( def. )

Explanation

Illumination is light. Kids up past their bedtimes have been known to read entire books under their covers using only the illumination from a flashlight. Use the noun illumination to talk about light, like the illumination of the moon on the surface of a lake. Illumination can also refer to an understanding or a spiritual awareness, like when a mystery of your faith suddenly makes sense to you. The Latin root is illuminationem, "throw into light" — you can picture the light bulb over a person's head in a cartoon to remember the various meaning of illumination.

Example Sentences

Even Apollo astronauts didn't see the Orientale basin completely because of their orbit and illumination conditions.

From BBC • Apr. 5, 2026

By simply changing the level of illumination, they could prompt particles to assemble into crystals or break apart again.

From Science Daily • Mar. 2, 2026

In 1995, Taschen published his first book, which made a stir with portraits of soft, indirect illumination, emphasizing naturalness.

From Los Angeles Times • Feb. 17, 2026

The archbishop was free to configure it as a workplace, to choose its decorative furnishings and its degree of illumination.

From The Wall Street Journal • Dec. 3, 2025

Unferth slapped his side as a sudden illumination came into the dark chamber of his thought.

From "Beowulf: A New Telling" by Robert Nye

Related Words

• brightness