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phrenology

American  
[fri-nol-uh-jee, fre-] / frɪˈnɒl ə dʒi, frɛ- /

noun

  1. a psychological theory or analytical method based on the belief that certain mental faculties and character traits are indicated by the configurations of the skull.


phrenology British  
/ frɪˈnɒlədʒɪ /

noun

  1. (formerly) the branch of science concerned with localization of function in the human brain, esp determination of the strength of the faculties by the shape and size of the skull overlying the parts of the brain thought to be responsible for them

"Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged" 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

Other Word Forms


Etymology

Origin of phrenology

An Americanism dating back to 1795–1805; phreno- + -logy


Explanation

If you think that the shape of a person's head can tell you everything you need to know about him, you believe in phrenology, or the study of skulls. Phrenology is outdated today, but it was a popular area of study in the nineteenth century. It was considered a "pseudoscience," or false science, even at the time, yet phrenology was taken seriously by some psychiatrists and neurologists, who would feel a patient's head for bumps they believed revealed aspects of personality, character, and health. The literal Greek meaning of phrenology is "mental science," from the root word phrenos, or "mind."

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Vocabulary lists containing phrenology

Example Sentences

Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.

See Examples For:

Orson and Lorenzo wrote prolifically on phrenology; they traveled the country to deliver lectures and examine heads.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Apr. 29, 2026

The terms “highbrow” and “lowbrow” derived from the 19th-century pseudoscience of phrenology, and the former was first popularized by a New York Sun reporter around 1902, to be quickly followed by the latter.

From Salon ● Apr. 19, 2026

“He had to look beautiful, like a phrenology head or an anatomical manual,” Del Toro adds.

From Los Angeles Times ● Oct. 16, 2025

This was partly driven by huge interest in the now-discredited science of phrenology.

From BBC ● Oct. 28, 2023

Maggie is probably referring to phrenology, the pseudoscience where head shape is thought to determine personality traits.

From "American Spirits" by Barb Rosenstock

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