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quarks

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  1. In physics, the elementary particles that make up the protons and neutrons that in turn make up the atomic nucleus. Quarks are the most basic known constituent of matter. (See antimatter.)


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No quarks have been seen in the laboratory because, according to current theory, they cannot exist as free particles.

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Although quarks are commonly described as the fundamental pieces of protons and neutrons, much of the mass of ordinary matter comes from the energy associated with gluons and the strong force.

From Science Daily Sep. 12, 2026

Up, down and strange are also the three lightest types of quarks.

From Science Daily Sep. 2, 2026

Instead, the particles that make them up - quarks and gluons - moved freely in a kind of hot "soup."

From Science Daily Aug. 23, 2026

According to the new study, published in Science, baryon number may be associated with a Y-shaped "junction" of gluons connecting the proton's three main quarks.

From Science Daily Aug. 16, 2026

At normal energies, the strong nuclear force is indeed strong, and it binds the quarks tightly together.

From "A Brief History of Time: And Other Essays" by Stephen Hawking

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