retrograde

American  

[re-truh-grayd] / ˈrɛ trəˌgreɪd /

adjective

1. moving backward; having a backward motion or direction; retiring or retreating.

2. inverse or reversed, as order.

   Synonyms:

   backward

3. Chiefly Biology. exhibiting degeneration or deterioration.

4. Astronomy.

   1. moving in an orbit in the direction opposite to that of the earth in its revolution around the sun.

   2. appearing to move on the celestial sphere in the direction opposite to the natural order of the signs of the zodiac, or from east to west.

5. Music. proceeding from the last note to the first.

   a melody in retrograde motion.

6. Archaic. contrary; opposed.

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verb (used without object)

• retrogrades,
  present (3rd person singular)
• retrograded,
  past participle,  past
• retrograding
  present participle

1. to move or go backward; retire or retreat.

   Synonyms:

   retrocede, recede, withdraw

2. Chiefly Biology. to decline to a worse condition; degenerate.

3. Astronomy. to have a retrograde motion.

verb (used with object)

• retrogrades,
  present (3rd person singular)
• retrograded,
  past participle,  past
• retrograding
  present participle

1. Archaic. to turn back.

retrograde British  

/ ˈrɛtrəʊˌɡreɪd /

adjective

1. moving or bending backwards

2. (esp of order) reverse or inverse

3. tending towards an earlier worse condition; declining or deteriorating

4. astronomy

   1. occurring or orbiting in a direction opposite to that of the earth's motion around the sun Compare direct

   2. occurring or orbiting in a direction around a planet opposite to the planet's rotational direction

      the retrograde motion of the satellite Phoebe around Saturn

   3. appearing to move in a clockwise direction due to the rotational period exceeding the period of revolution around the sun

      Venus has retrograde rotation

5. biology tending to retrogress; degenerate

6. music of, concerning, or denoting a melody or part that is played backwards

7. obsolete opposed, contrary, or repugnant to

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verb

1. to move in a retrograde direction; retrogress

2. military another word for retreat

retrograde Scientific  

/ rĕt′rə-grād′ /

1. Having a rotational or orbital movement that is opposite to the movement of most bodies within a celestial system. In the solar system, retrograde bodies are those that rotate or orbit in a clockwise direction (east to west) when viewed from a vantage point above the Earth's north pole. Venus, Uranus, and Pluto have retrograde rotational movements. No planets in the solar system have retrograde orbital movements, but four of Jupiter's moons exhibit such movement.

2. Having a brief, regularly occurring, apparently backward movement in the sky as viewed from Earth against the background of fixed stars. Retrograde movement of the planets is caused by the differing orbital velocities of Earth and the body observed. For example, the outer planets normally appear to drift gradually eastward in the sky in relation to the fixed stars; that is, they appear night after night to fall a little farther behind the neighboring stars in their westward passage across the sky. However, at certain times a particular planet appears briefly to speed up and move westward a bit more quickly than the neighboring stars. This happens as Earth, in its faster inner orbit, overtakes and passes the planet in its slower outer orbit; the appearance of moving counter to its usual eastward drift is thus simply the result of perspective as seen from Earth.

3. Compare prograde

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Other Word Forms

Derived Forms

• retrogradation
  noun
• unretrograded
  adjective
• unretrograding
  adjective
• retrogradely
  adverb
• retrogradingly
  adverb

Inflected Forms

Participles

• retrograding
  present
• retrograded
  past

Conjugated Forms

Present

• retrograde
  simple
• retrogrades
  simple
• have retrograded
  perfect
• has retrograded
  perfect
• am retrograding
  progressive
• are retrograding
  progressive
• is retrograding
  progressive
• have been retrograding
  perfect progressive
• has been retrograding
  perfect progressive

Past

• retrograded
  simple
• had retrograded
  perfect
• was retrograding
  progressive
• were retrograding
  progressive
• had been retrograding
  perfect progressive

Future

• will retrograde
  simple
• will have retrograded
  perfect
• will be retrograding
  progressive
• will have been retrograding
  perfect progressive

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Etymology

Origin of retrograde

First recorded in 1350–1400; Middle English (adjective), from Latin retrōgradus going back, derivative of retrōgradī, equivalent to retrō- retro- + gradī “to step, go”; see grade

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Explanation

Retrograde describes moving in a backwards or reverse direction. If you're suddenly told that you can no longer vote because you're a woman, that's a retrograde affront to your civil rights. Start protesting! This word comes from the Latin retrogradus, meaning "going backward." You might hear retrograde used in astronomy to describe the movements of the planets. If a planet like Mercury is in retrograde, that means it appears to be moving backwards. Retrograde can also describe something that's going from better to worse. The farm's retrograde practice of spraying their crops with harsher and harsher pesticides is causing our health to suffer.

Example Sentences

See Examples For:

retrograde retrogrades retrograded retrograding

Some of the listed performers, including Bret Michaels, Milli Vanilli and Vanilla Ice, weren’t all that shocking given Trump’s retrograde pop music taste.

From Salon ● Jun. 7, 2026

In the minds of some retrograde dweebs, representing these baddies with a woman who could play Barbie was sacrilege.

From Salon ● May 5, 2026

The best, and most popular, of these was Norman Lear’s generation-gap sitcom “All in the Family,” starring Carroll O’Connor as retrograde bigot Archie Bunker, and Rob Reiner as his liberal son-in-law, Mike.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Feb. 4, 2026

Cubism was not only dominant in 1921, when Keck made his stylistically retrograde statue, but its genesis owes much to African art.

From Los Angeles Times ● Oct. 22, 2025

To account for the planets’ bizarre behavior, Ptolemy added epicycles to his planetary clockwork: little circles within circles could explain the backward, or retrograde, motion of the planets.

From "Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea" by Charles Seife

Sometimes it is said that the high retrogrades, or backs off to the west, allowing the storm track to come down the coast.

From Los Angeles Times ● Dec. 3, 2021

Known in our dancers’ nomenclature as “The King and Queen,” it is built primarily on one basic theme with its inversions, reversals and retrogrades.

From New York Times ● Sep. 8, 2015

He could goad the traditionalists beneath him, promote the "new thinkers," purge the retrogrades, and keep an eye out for obstructionism, sabotage, insurgency.

From Time Magazine Archive

Or he might be overthrown and replaced by retrogrades who would have at their disposal the military wherewithal to engage once again in old thinking and old behavior.

From Time Magazine Archive

The variation alters progressively, increasing to a maximum in one deflexion; it then retrogrades till it points true north, which it progressively overpasses in the opposite deflexion to a maximum again.

From A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels — Volume 08 by Robert Kerr

Fu ture productions which fail to measure up to its stiff standards of achievement may be considered to have retrograded.

From Time Magazine Archive

We shall discover, in a word, whether we have advanced, in dependence upon the Spirit of God and in recognition of our responsibilities, or whether we have retrograded through self-trust and indifference.

From Presbyterian Worship Its Spirit, Method and History by Robert Johnston

After a month Mars will be at M′ and the earth at E′, so that in its apparent motion Mars will have retrograded to M2.

From Astronomical Lore in Chaucer by Florence M. Grimm

It would be interesting to know just why feminine education, after a period of efflorescence during the Thirteenth Century, retrograded during the next century.

From The Thirteenth Greatest of Centuries by James J. (James Joseph) Walsh

Through the exercise of their wills they grew, or remained passive, or perhaps even retrograded, for with living things motion in any direction is possible.

From A Rational Theology As Taught by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by John A. Widtsoe

“Similar retrograding blocks in the past have been associated with periods of colder and wintry weather in the Eastern U.S.,” meteorologist John Homenuk wrote on Twitter.

From Washington Post ● Nov. 29, 2022

The four boys were looking for possible routes of escape when Red’s brother decided that in arbitration lay his salvation from this swiftly retrograding dilemma.

From "The Great Santini" by Pat Conroy

Criticism retrograded in his hands; yet, in retrograding, it took up a strong position: the influence of such a teacher was not untimely when facile sympathies required the guidance or the check of a director.

From A History of French Literature Short Histories of the Literatures of the World: II. by Edmund Gosse

Gen. Lee, it is said, is not permitted to follow Meade, who is retrograding, being weakened by detachments.

From A Rebel War Clerk's Diary at the Confederate States Capital by John Beauchamp Jones

We reform now our Universities, then after a period our Secondary School system, and so we proceed, advancing here, retrograding there, but of education as an organically connected whole we have no thought.

From The Children: Some Educational Problems by Alexander Darroch

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