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significance test

British  

noun

  1. statistics (in hypothesis testing) a test of whether the alternative hypothesis achieves the predetermined significance level in order to be accepted in preference to the null hypothesis

"Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged" 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

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That is, a significance test describes the probability of the occurrence of a certain set of poll results, given your view about the underlying state of public opinion.

From New York Times • Aug. 6, 2015

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