Word of the Day
dauntless
adjective
fearless; intrepid; bold.
More about dauntless
Dauntless “fearless, intrepid, bold” is a compound of the verb daunt “to overcome with fear” and the combining form -less “without.” Daunt comes from Old French donter and ultimately Latin domitāre “to tame,” a frequentative of domāre, of the same meaning. Frequentative verbs indicate repeated or frequent action, and while English does not create new frequentative verbs today, many verbs ending in -le originally fell into this category; compare bobble from bob, sparkle from spark, and wrestle from wrest. Latin domāre, and therefore daunt, is a distant relative of the words adamant “unyielding in opinion” and diamond, which both come from Ancient Greek damân “to tame.” Thanks to Grimm’s law, which states that Latin and Ancient Greek d correspond to English t, the English cognate of daunt is the verb tame. Dauntless was first recorded in English circa 1590.
how is dauntless used?
In some ways, kids are better equipped to be dauntless than [we are]. They are myopic to outcomes and consequences. And while it’s our job as parents to help them develop the foresight necessary to sustain them into independence, we should also take care to equip them against fear of the future.
With the intimate candor of autobiography, Russo-Young recounts the romance between her mothers Sandy and Robin, their dauntless decision to start an unconventional family in the still-small-minded 80s, and the ensuing legal campaign to keep it intact in the face of an external challenge from her biological father.
syncope
noun
the contraction of a word by omitting one or more sounds from the middle.
More about syncope
Syncope “the contraction of a word by omitting sounds from the middle” comes from Ancient Greek synkopḗ “a cutting short” and is a compound of the elements syn- “together” and kop- (from kóptein “to cut”). Syn- (becoming sym- before b or p) is the Ancient Greek equivalent of the Latin-origin prefix co- “together” (as in cooperate) and appears in terms such as syndrome (literally “run together”), sympathy (“felt together”), and synthesis (“placed together”). The verb kóptein is related to comma, from Ancient Greek kómma “a piece cut off,” as well as to English hatchet—the latter because of Grimm’s law, which makes Ancient Greek k and Latin c tend to correspond to English h (compare heart and the recent Word of the Day cordiform). Syncope was first recorded in English in the late 14th century.
how is syncope used?
As for elisions in the middle of a word, called syncope, even purists do not hesitate to say bedlam (Bethlehem), bizness (business), can’t, don’t, I’ll, isn’t, … pacifist (pacificist), Wenzday (Wednesday). The syncopation of words ending in ary and ory (litry for literary, militry for military, labratry for laboratory) is an Anglicism which never fails to delight the American ear. Syncope is common in proper names: Bennett (Benedict), Dennis (Dionysius), Jerome (Hieronymus). Syncope between words is illustrated by don’t wantny (don’t want any). Pram (perambulator) illustrates both syncope and apocope.
The word “interesting” is pronounced today with either three or four syllables. [University of Michigan Professor] Anne Curzan explains the four syllable pronunciation, which often annoys the three-syllable camp, is actually the more traditional pronunciation …. “If you look in modern standard dictionaries from the last ten years, they will show multiple pronunciations, three and four syllables,” says Curzan. The process of losing a syllable is not rare in the English language. “The process of going from four to three, that losing of a syllable, is called syncope in linguistics, where an unstressed syllable just gets lost,” she says.
sinsyne
adverb
from that time; since then.
More about sinsyne
Sinsyne “from that time” is unusual in that it is a compound of two doublets, or words sharing a root that came into a language through different pathways, as we learned from the recent Words of the Day firth and quagmire. Much as firth is a doublet of fjord and (quag)mire is a doublet of moss, the sin- and -syne halves of sinsyne both derive from a Middle English term meaning “after”; the difference is that the sin- element is from sithen in one dialect of Middle English, while the -syne element is from sethen in a different dialect, perhaps with influence from Old Norse. Middle English sithen was combined with the adverbial suffix -s (compare always and unawares) to create sithenes “afterwards, because,” which eventually became modern English since. Sinsyne was first recorded in English in the mid-14th century.
how is sinsyne used?
Folk have dee’d [died] sinsyne and been buried, and are forgotten, and bairns been born and … got bairns o’ their ain [own] …. [S]insyne auld estates have changed hands, and there have been wars and rumours of wars on the face of the earth.
The bonnie flowers o’ Paradise, / And a’ [all] that’s bloom’d sinsyne, / …. Ilk [every] blade o’ grass has had as weel [well] / Its ain [own] sweet drap [drop] o’ dew.