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Which of the following is an idiom?

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idiom

American  

[id-ee-uhm] / ˈɪd i əm /

noun

1. an expression whose meaning is not predictable from the usual meanings of its constituent elements, as kick the bucket or hang one's head, or from the general grammatical rules of a language, as the table round for the round table, and that is not a constituent of a larger expression of like characteristics.

2. a language, dialect, or style of speaking peculiar to a people.

3. a construction or expression of one language whose parts correspond to elements in another language but whose total structure or meaning is not matched in the same way in the second language.

4. the peculiar character or genius of a language.

5. a distinct style or character, in music, art, etc..

   the idiom of Bach.

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idiom British  

/ ˈɪdɪəm, ˌɪdɪəˈmætɪk /

noun

1. a group of words whose meaning cannot be predicted from the meanings of the constituent words, as for example ( It was raining ) cats and dogs

2. linguistic usage that is grammatical and natural to native speakers of a language

3. the characteristic vocabulary or usage of a specific human group or subject

4. the characteristic artistic style of an individual, school, period, etc

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idiom Cultural  

1. A traditional way of saying something. Often an idiom, such as “under the weather,” does not seem to make sense if taken literally. Someone unfamiliar with English idioms would probably not understand that to be “under the weather” is to be sick. (See examples under “Idioms.”)

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Usage

What does idiom mean? An idiom is a term whose meaning cannot be determined from the literal meanings of the words it is made of. Many idioms are figurative—they’re intended to create an image, association, or other effect in the mind of the listener or reader that goes beyond the literal meaning or expected use of the words involved. It is raining cats and dogs is a common English idiom. Literally, that sentence would mean animals are falling from the clouds. What the idiom actually means is that it is raining very heavily. Here are some more examples of common English idioms:

• Hit the sack means to go to sleep.
• Under the weather means sick.
• You can say that again means a person has said something true and you agree.

Many phrasal verbs are idioms since they include a word (often a preposition) whose literal meaning doesn’t apply. Some examples are take off (like an airplane), give out (meaning to distribute), and open up (which means the same thing as open). Sometimes, two different phrasal verbs can mean the same thing even when their prepositions are usually opposites. For example, lock up and lock down can both mean to secure a place by locking the doors and similar actions. Idioms are common in most languages. Over time, native speakers of a language learn many idioms that they use without thinking about them. Because their meanings can’t be figured out from their parts, idioms can be very difficult for nonnative speakers to understand. The adjective form of idiom is idiomatic. For example, break a leg is an idiomatic expression that means “good luck.”

Synonym Usage

See phrase.

Other Word Forms

Derived Forms

• idiomatic
  adjective
• idiomatically
  adverb
• idiomaticalness
  noun

Etymology

Origin of idiom

First recorded in 1565–75; from Latin idiōma, from Greek idíōma “peculiarity, specific property,” equivalent to idiō- (variant stem of idioûsthai “to make one's own, appropriate,” verbal derivative of idiós; see idio-) + -ma noun suffix of result

Explanation

An idiom is an expression particular to a specific language or culture. An idiom doesn't make literal sense: Telling someone to "break a leg" isn't wishing them harm; it's wishing them good luck! Idiom comes from the Greek idios, meaning "one's own," "distinctive," or "private." Originally, an idiom was not limited to language; it was any peculiarity or characteristic of an individual person, group, or language. In early linguistics, it referred to any language-specific expressions, even those that were perfectly literal. Over time, the meaning narrowed, and now an idiom is any fixed expression whose meaning cannot be deduced literally, like kick the bucket, meaning "to die." If you're studying a foreign language, idioms are some of the hardest phrases to translate.

Example Sentences

When he graduated in 1998, Liu worked as a software engineer, first at Microsoft, and then at a start-up called Idiom Technologies, where he met his wife, Lisa Tang Liu.

From New York Times • Dec. 3, 2019

British Idiom has won bot her races at Saratoga and Keeneland, including the Grade 1 Alcibiad.

From Los Angeles Times • Nov. 1, 2019

British Idiom, by the way, is the third consecutive unbeaten winner on today’s Breeders’ Cup card.

From The Guardian • Nov. 1, 2019

Keep an eye on: There’s a trio of fillies listed as 7-2 second choices: British Idiom, Bast and Wicked Whisper.

From Seattle Times • Oct. 31, 2019

The Idiom of the Language out of which one translates, runs so in the Head, that 'tis next to impossible not to fall frequently into it.

From Franco-Gallia Or, An Account of the Ancient Free State of France, and Most Other Parts of Europe, Before the Loss of Their Liberties by Hotman, François

Related Words

• dialect
• jargon
• locution
• parlance
• patois
• phrase
• vernacular