adverb

[ ad-vurb ]

noun

, Grammar.

1. any member of a class of words that function as modifiers of verbs or clauses, and in some languages, as Latin and English, as modifiers of adjectives, other adverbs, or adverbial phrases, as very in very nice, much in much more impressive, and tomorrow in She'll write to you tomorrow. They relate to what they modify by indicating place (I promise to be there ), time (Do your homework now! ), manner (She sings beautifully ), circumstance (He accidentally dropped the glass when the bell rang), degree (I'm very happy to see you), or cause (I draw, although badly).

adverb

/ ˈædˌvɜːb /

noun

1. adv
   1. a word or group of words that serves to modify a whole sentence, a verb, another adverb, or an adjective; for example, probably, easily, very, and happily respectively in the sentence They could probably easily envy the very happily married couple
   2. ( as modifier )

      an adverb marker

adverb

1. A part of speech that modifies a verb , an adjective , or another adverb. Adverbs usually answer such questions as “How?” “Where?” “When?” or “To what degree?” The following italicized words are adverbs: “He ran well ”; “She ran very well ”; “The mayor is highly capable.”

Grammar Note

For some, distinguishing adjectives from adverbs is impossibly confusing. Yet telling them apart should be easy. Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns ( tight shoes, She is brilliant! ), while adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs (drive carefully, rather hasty, more rapidly). Adjectives provide answers to “what kind,” “which one,” and “how many,” while adverbs answer “how,” “when,” and “where” (to boldly go, see you later, happening here ). Simply put, adverbs modify everything that adjectives don’t—including whole sentences! They are a grammatical wastebasket—the part of speech into which you toss anything you can’t otherwise categorize. The source of bewilderment, then, may not be function but form. We think of adverbs as typically ending in -ly ( badly, quickly, completely ), unlike their adjective counterparts ( bad, quick, complete ). But some adjectives end in -ly ( cowardly lion, motherly affection, friendly persuasion), while some adverbs, called “flat” adverbs, do not (sit up straight, work hard, aim high ). To add to the ambiguity, a small number of words can function as adverbs with or without the classic ending (walk slow on the ice / speak more slowly; hold me close / a closely knit family). Still others shift meaning as they change form (She arrived late. Lately, she’s been doing that). And some are both adjectival and adverbial without changing form ( fast trains, run fast; early morning, wake up early ). No wonder the mind boggles. Perhaps in response, there has been a resurgence of common adjectives used adverbially (You played amazing. It worked out fantastic. ) Similar flat adverbs, like sudden, extreme, and wondrous, were standard in early Modern English. But in the 18th century, grammar mavens began to disparage them, insisting on the -ly form, and for certain adverbs, that is now the norm. While our language may be shifting back toward increasing use of flat adverbs, an adjective where an adverb is expected may still be subject to criticism. It’s fine to use these newly flattened adverbs with friends, on social media, etc. But traditional cautions apply. It’s probably best to stay with established forms in academic writing, during a job interview, and in other circumstances that call for more formal language. You’re bound to do “great”!

Notes

Adverbs are often formed by adding -ly to an adjective, as in truly or deeply .

Other Words From

• adverb·less adjective

Word History and Origins

Origin of adverb¹

First recorded in 1520–30; from Latin adverbium, equivalent to ad- “toward” + verb(um) “word, verb” + -ium noun suffix; loan translation of Greek epírrhēma; ad-, verb, -ium

Word History and Origins

Origin of adverb¹

C15–C16: from Latin adverbium adverb, literally: added word, a translation of Greek epirrhēma a word spoken afterwards

Example Sentences

King says comics exist largely to eliminate the adverb, and that for Grayson, action is character.

From The Daily Beast

But there is a critical adverb up there: “almost certainly” is not the same as “certainly.”

From The Daily Beast

It is to be noted here that the adverb has the vowel of the old feminine termination a, and not the modern o.

From Project Gutenberg

The word "difficulty" was sometimes employed as an adverb; herein it is converted to "difficultly" in this usage.

From Project Gutenberg

The demonstrative adverb thus implies a relative adverb: comp.

From Project Gutenberg

By adding to this word, the particle de, it is converted into an adverb of place, and may be rendered where.

From Project Gutenberg

Wunder is an adverb, as in at feht wes wnder strong, L 1744; mid wunder muchele strenge, id.

From Project Gutenberg