subjunctive

American  

[suhb-juhngk-tiv] / səbˈdʒʌŋk tɪv /

adjective

1. (in English and certain other languages) noting or pertaining to a mood or mode of the verb that may be used for subjective, doubtful, hypothetical, or grammatically subordinate statements or questions, as the mood of be in if this be treason.

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noun

1. the subjunctive mood or mode.

2. a verb in the subjunctive mood or form.

subjunctive British  

/ səbˈdʒʌŋktɪv /

adjective

1. grammar denoting a mood of verbs used when the content of the clause is being doubted, supposed, feared true, etc, rather than being asserted. The rules for its use and the range of meanings it may possess vary considerably from language to language. In the following sentence, were is in the subjunctive Compare indicative

   I'd think very seriously about that if I were you

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noun

1. grammar

   1. the subjunctive mood

   2. a verb in this mood

subjunctive Cultural  

1. A grammatical form of verbs implying hypothetical action or condition. Subjunctives are italicized in these sentences: “If Mr. Stafford were [not “was”] fluent in French, he could communicate with his employees more effectively”; “If Sheila had been here, she would have helped us with our math.”

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Grammar

The subjunctive mood of the verb, once used extensively in English, has largely disappeared today. The subjunctive survives, though by no means consistently, in sentences with conditional clauses contrary to fact and in subordinate clauses after verbs like wish: If the house were nearer to the road, we would hear more traffic noise. I wish I were in Florida. The subjunctive also occurs in subordinate that clauses after a main clause expressing recommendation, resolution, demand, etc.: We ask that each tenant take (not takes ) responsibility for keeping the front door locked. It is important that only fresh spinach be (not is ) used. The subjunctive occurs too in some established or idiomatic expressions: So be it. Heaven help us. God rest ye merry, gentlemen. Were in the phrase as it were, meaning “in a way,” is a subjunctive: His apology, as it were, sounded more like an insult.

Other Word Forms

• subjunctively
  adverb

Etymology

Origin of subjunctive

1520–30; < Late Latin subjunctīvus, equivalent to subjunct ( us ) (past participle of subjungere to subjoin, equivalent to sub- sub- + jung ( ere ) to join + -tus past participle suffix) + -īvus -ive

Explanation

The subjunctive is a verb mood that expresses a possibility and is often used for wished, desired, or possible (but not definite) states of being. Subjunctive phrases often begin with the words, "If I were..." "If I were President, I would make school illegal!" That sounds like something a little kid would say, and it's in a verb mood little kids probably can't name yet: the subjunctive. The subjunctive mood applies to conditional sentences, such as "I wish the new Batman movie were in theaters now." Thoughts expressed in the subjunctive mood are usually possibilities or desires — they aren't facts. People often use the subjunctive to talk about what they wish were true.

Example Sentences

Real questions of the Direct Discourse, upon becoming indirect, are regularly put in the Subjunctive; as,— Ariovistus Caesarī respondit: sē prius in Galliam vēnisse quam populum Rōmānum.

From New Latin Grammar by Bennett, Charles E. (Charles Edwin)

Note that a Future Perfect Indicative of the Direct Discourse regularly appears in the Indirect as a Perfect Subjunctive after a principal tense, and as a Pluperfect Subjunctive after an historical tense.

From New Latin Grammar by Bennett, Charles E. (Charles Edwin)

Subjunctive mode, defined, 112; of be, 112; used to denote possibility, 113.

From Business English A Practice Book by Buhlig, Rose

The Subjunctive expresses action or passion in a doubtful manner; as, Kespin zhahwane­gaid, if he loves.

From Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Languages To Which is Added a Vocabulary of some of the Most Common Words by Summerfield, John

Subjunctive, 1st pers. sing. pres. ta usu mia; 2d pers. sing. perf. avi epe usu mia.

From The Philosophic Grammar of American Languages, as Set Forth by Wilhelm von Humboldt With the Translation of an Unpublished Memoir by Him on the American Verb by Brinton, Daniel Garrison