annotate
Americanverb (used with object)
verb (used without object)
verb
Usage
What does annotate mean? To annotate is to add notes or comments to a text or something similar to provide explanation or criticism about a particular part of it. Such notes or comments are called annotations. Annotation can also refer to the act of annotating. Annotations are often added to scholarly articles or to literary works that are being analyzed. But any text can be annotated. For example, a note that you scribble in the margin of your textbook is an annotation, as is an explanatory comment that you add to a list of tasks at work. Something that has had such notes added to it can be described with the adjective annotated, as in This is the annotated edition of the book. Example: I like to annotate the books I’m reading by writing my thoughts in the margins.
Other Word Forms
Derived Forms
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annotatornoun
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overannotateverb
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reannotateverb
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annotatableadjective
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annotativeadjective
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annotatoryadjective
Inflected Forms
Participles
Conjugated Forms
Present
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annotatesimple
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annotatessimple
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have annotatedperfect
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has annotatedperfect
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am annotatingprogressive
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are annotatingprogressive
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is annotatingprogressive
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have been annotatingperfect progressive
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has been annotatingperfect progressive
Past
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annotatedsimple
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had annotatedperfect
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was annotatingprogressive
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were annotatingprogressive
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had been annotatingperfect progressive
Future
Etymology
Origin of annotate
First recorded in 1725–35; from Latin annotātus “marked down,” past participle of annotāre “to mark down,” from an- an- 2 + notāre “to mark” ( see note)
Explanation
When you annotate, you write critical explanations to add extra insight about something. These explanations can be necessary to understanding writings in which the language might be difficult to make sense of without clarification. The heart of the word annotate is the word note. The Latin annotātus means "noted down," making the word a breeze to remember. A writer will annotate parts that need extra explanation in technical works or classic writings in which the language or concepts might be difficult to grasp. In fact, some works, like James Joyce’s "Ulysses," have entire separate volumes of annotations, and readers must shift back and forth from the novel to the annotations. Now that's a dedicated reader!
Vocabulary lists containing annotate
Jim Burke's Academic Vocabulary List
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The Poet X
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myPerspectives 8.2
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Example Sentences
Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.
See Examples For:
She would annotate each image with an arrow, directing my next move, and send it back.
From Slate ● Aug. 4, 2025
“It’s more like figuring out what word equals a mathematical symbol,” Fallon said, explaining that she often asks her students to annotate word problems to derive meaning.
From Los Angeles Times ● Aug. 14, 2024
They must be able — with full certainty — to annotate and explain data they cite and how they reach conclusions.
From Seattle Times ● May 20, 2024
Researchers annotate viruses by matching viral sequences in a sample to previously annotated sequences available in public databases of viral genetic sequences.
From Salon ● May 17, 2024
He settled in with my dad to annotate maps with new information: construction sites, the burnt-out school...
From "The Marrow Thieves" by Cherie Dimaline
Ever the eager pedagogue, as played with buoyant energy by Mr. Morse, Beckett annotates her performance: “Haydn based that movement of the symphony on a folk song. From Croatia.”
From The Wall Street Journal ● Jan. 30, 2026
When users type a question into its subscription-based tool Assistant, the software pulls an answer from ChatGPT and automatically annotates the text with references to relevant scholarly articles, choosing from millions in its database.
From Science Magazine ● Apr. 26, 2023
She also introduces the bassist Jane Deasy, who annotates the production and provides musical accompaniment, including thrumming covers of L7 and Van Morrison.
From New York Times ● Nov. 22, 2022
Hunt annotates his chapters with her own thoughts on the opposite page — a daughter in conversation with a father but also a writer speaking with her readers.
From Los Angeles Times ● Apr. 7, 2022
Nicolas carefully annotates "Dieu," "La Divinite," &c.: so carefully indeed that one is tempted to think that he was indoctrinated by the Sufi with whom he read the Poems.
From The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam by FitzGerald, Edward
The expedition used the remotely operated vehicle Hercules, which recorded extensive video footage that was later archived for public access and annotated by researchers at UH Mānoa.
From Science Daily ● Jul. 8, 2026
Strawberries and white wine were on the menu, and - as has now become customary - one of the empty bottles was annotated and encased in a glass table to commemorate Sinner's latest success.
From BBC ● Jun. 22, 2026
Alongside the guitar is a copy of the Declaration of Independence, annotated by John McKesson, secretary of New York’s Fourth Provincial Congress, in the days following July 4, 1776.
From Los Angeles Times ● Jun. 10, 2026
Among the treasures are George Washington’s annotated draft of the Constitution, the Louisiana Purchase Treaty and a rare printing of the Declaration.
From The Wall Street Journal ● Jan. 5, 2026
That first or second summer, at a camp in Patchogue, Long Island, he found a book of annotated chess games.
From "Endgame" by Frank Brady
The following year, Pulte even produced a slim volume annotating some of his grandfather’s sayings and quotations.
From Salon ● Jun. 9, 2026
"Manually annotating over 23,000 calls by hand is no small feat, and I have a team of interns to thank for helping with the analysis!" shares Parnell.
From Science Daily ● Nov. 18, 2025
It recently started annotating videos from more advanced humanoid robots, helping train them to sort and fold a mix of towels and clothes, folding them and placing them in different corners of the table.
From Los Angeles Times ● Nov. 2, 2025
Higher Order Theories suggest consciousness involves a process of representing and annotating basic inputs received from the senses.
From Science Magazine ● Aug. 22, 2023
Louis XVIII., much preoccupied while annotating Horace with the corner of his finger-nail, heroes who have become emperors, and makers of wooden shoes who have become dauphins, had two anxieties,—Napoleon and Mathurin Bruneau.
From Les Misérables by Hapgood, Isabel Florence
Definitions and idiom definitions from Dictionary.com Unabridged, based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023
Idioms from The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
