antecedent

American  

[an-tuh-seed-nt] / ˌæn təˈsid nt /

adjective

1. preceding; prior.

   an antecedent event.

   Synonyms:

   preexistent, precursory

   Antonyms:

   subsequent

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noun

• antecedents
  plural

1. a preceding circumstance, event, object, style, phenomenon, etc.

   Synonyms:

   ancestor, forerunner, precursor

   Antonyms:

   successor

2. antecedents,

   1. ancestors.

   2. the history, events, characteristics, etc., of one's earlier life.

      Little is known about his birth and antecedents.

3. Grammar. a word, phrase, or clause, usually a substantive, that is replaced by a pronoun or other substitute later, or occasionally earlier, in the same or in another, usually subsequent, sentence. In Jane lost a glove and she can't find it, Jane is the antecedent of she and glove is the antecedent of it.

4. Mathematics.

   1. the first term of a ratio; the first or third term of a proportion.

   2. the first of two vectors in a dyad.

5. Logic. the conditional element in a proposition, as “Caesar conquered Gaul,” in “If Caesar conquered Gaul, he was a great general.”

antecedent British  

/ ˌæntɪˈsiːdənt /

noun

1. an event, circumstance, etc, that happens before another

2. grammar a word or phrase to which a pronoun refers. In the sentence "People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones," people is the antecedent of who

3. logic the hypothetical clause, usually introduced by "if", in a conditional statement: that which implies the other

4. maths an obsolescent name for numerator

5. logic the fallacy of inferring the falsehood of the consequent of a conditional statement, given the truth of the conditional and the falsehood of its antecedent, as if there are five of them, there are more than four: there are not five, so there are not more than four

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adjective

1. preceding in time or order; prior

Other Word Forms

Derived Forms

• antecedental
  adjective
• antecedently
  adverb

Inflected Forms

Nouns

• antecedents
  plural

Etymology

Origin of antecedent

First recorded in 1350–1400; Middle English, from Middle French, from Latin antecēdent-, stem of antecēdēns “going before,” present participle of antecēdere “to go before, precede, excel, surpass”; see antecede

Explanation

An antecedent is a thing that comes before something else. You might think rap music has no historical antecedent, but earlier forms of African-American spoken verse go back for centuries. In logic, mathematics, and grammar, the word antecedent (from Latin ante-, "before" + cedere, "to yield") has the meaning "the first part of a statement." More generally, it means "something that came before, and perhaps caused, something else." The word is also an adjective: a lawyer or judge might talk about the "antecedent events" leading up to someone committing a crime.

Example Sentences

See Examples For:

antecedent antecedents

This serves as further evidence that the antecedent of the Houthi movement respected the language of power, readily cooperating with those providing it, regardless of ideology.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Mar. 16, 2026

They found that physical frailty can be an indicator of future social isolation over time and that loneliness may be both an antecedent and an outcome of frailty.

From Science Daily ● Nov. 14, 2024

Maybe the closest antecedent is a new, $85 million HUD program called “Pathways to Removing Obstacles to Housing,” or PRO Housing, which this summer issued 17 grants of a few million dollars each.

From Slate ● Sep. 24, 2024

The Winogram scheme challenge is a twist on that, designed for testing whether an artificial intelligence can understand language — specifically, the identification of the antecedent of an ambiguous pronoun.

From Salon ● Apr. 30, 2023

When phrases come in pairs like this, the first phrase is called the antecedent phrase, and the second is called the consequent phrase.

From "Understanding Basic Music Theory" by Catherine Schmidt-Jones and Russel Jones

While going rather easy on King George, Ms. Worsley is dismayed by the strategy of her antecedents, whose tactics often seemed calculated to fan the sputtering flames of rebellion.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Apr. 2, 2026

Two thrillers with literary antecedents — “Cross” on Prime Video and “The Day of the Jackal” on Peacock — premiere Thursday.

From Los Angeles Times ● Nov. 13, 2024

“If I do something that shocks me or that I’m not proud of, I’m able to frame that behaviorally and sort of understand the antecedents, the behavior itself and then the consequence,” she said.

From Seattle Times ● Dec. 1, 2023

After all, machines that could play decent games of chess did not appear until the antecedents of IBM's Deep Blue in the late 20th century.

From Salon ● May 30, 2023

For any one war seemed so rooted in its antecedents.

From "The Once and Future King" by T. H. White