assumption
[uh-suhmp-shuh n]
- something taken for granted; a supposition: a correct assumption.
- the act of taking for granted or supposing.
- the act of taking to or upon oneself.
- the act of taking possession of something: the assumption of power.
- arrogance; presumption.
- the taking over of another's debts or obligations.
- Ecclesiastical.
- (often initial capital letter)the bodily taking up into heaven of the Virgin Mary.
- (initial capital letter)a feast commemorating this, celebrated on August 15.
- Logic. the minor premise of a syllogism.
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Origin of assumption
Word story
The word assumption is a great example of how a word can take on new dimensions of meaning over time, while staying true to some aspect of its original sense.
assumption has been in the language since the 13th century, and was initially confined to a specific ecclesiastical meaning in the Catholic Church. The Latin word on which it is based literally means “the action of being taken up or received,” and in English assumption referred to the taking up into heaven of the Virgin Mary. That meaning still exists today, and in all the meanings it has assumed since then, one can see the common thread running through them is the sense of taking.
One early sense meant “arrogance,” as in this 1814 quote from Sir Walter Scott: “his usual air of haughty assumption.” Arrogance is a taking upon oneself a conviction of self-importance. Later senses arose having to do with the taking on of power or other responsibilities, as in “the assumption of command.”
Probably the most common meaning of assumption in use today is for indicating a supposition, an estimate, a conjecture—that is, something taken for granted. And as any schoolkid knows, presuming to assume can be dangerous, leading us to make, as the saying goes, “an ASS of U and ME!”
assumption has been in the language since the 13th century, and was initially confined to a specific ecclesiastical meaning in the Catholic Church. The Latin word on which it is based literally means “the action of being taken up or received,” and in English assumption referred to the taking up into heaven of the Virgin Mary. That meaning still exists today, and in all the meanings it has assumed since then, one can see the common thread running through them is the sense of taking.
One early sense meant “arrogance,” as in this 1814 quote from Sir Walter Scott: “his usual air of haughty assumption.” Arrogance is a taking upon oneself a conviction of self-importance. Later senses arose having to do with the taking on of power or other responsibilities, as in “the assumption of command.”
Probably the most common meaning of assumption in use today is for indicating a supposition, an estimate, a conjecture—that is, something taken for granted. And as any schoolkid knows, presuming to assume can be dangerous, leading us to make, as the saying goes, “an ASS of U and ME!”
Popular references
—Assumption persona: A persona is a detailed description of a fictional user (of a product, software program, etc.), based on real-world data. Software engineers and data companies create personas as user models to help build their products. In order to illustrate the utility of using data-driven personas in design, “assumption personas” (personas derived from existing assumptions about users) are used as negative examples showing how assumptions can lead to bad design choices.
—Assumption of risk: the name for a defense used in tort law, where the defense argues that the plaintiff took action knowing the risks involved.
Related Quotations
- "[T]he assumption that young people are apathetic, the assumption that Republicans won't cross over, the assumption that the wealthy care nothing for the poor and that the poor don't vote, the assumption that African-Americans can't support the white candidate, whites can't support the African-American candidate, blacks and Latinos cannot come together. We are here tonight to say that that is not the America we believe in."-Barack Obama South Carolina Democratic Primary Victory Speech American Rhetoric (delivered January 26, 2008)
- "We had an assumption, and we had that assumption because Saddam Hussein had lied about using WMD and he had lied about getting rid of them."-Jonathan Powell Iraq inquiry: Tony Blair got it wrong, says top aide The Telegraph (January 19, 2010)
- "Wethern's Law of Suspended Judgement: assumption is the mother of all screwups."-Mark Mills The Information Officer (2010)
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2018
Related Words
presumptionguesshunchtheoryinferenceacceptanceexpectationsuppositionhypothesispremisesuspicionbeliefconjectureshotfancypostulationstabpresuppositionpositpostulateExamples from the Web for assumptions
Contemporary Examples
And before you jump to assumptions, know that I'm no hippie.
When that happens, it means the assumptions of the model are not correct.
The assumptions of the “regulation as public interest” crowd undermine their stated conclusions.
How many of these surging thousands are solid, and how many of these assumptions are tricks of the light?
One could agree or disagree with him, but Reagan was drawing on a clear set of assumptions of how the world worked.
Historical Examples
It is possible I may be wrong in either or both of these assumptions.
Sir Brook Fossbrooke, Volume I.Charles James Lever
Miss Haldin thought it useless to protest against all these assumptions.
Under Western EyesJoseph Conrad
Let us first of all inquire into the correctness of these assumptions.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of CitizensGeorg Jellinek
It is the object of this book to disprove both these assumptions.
The Family and it's MembersAnna Garlin Spencer
Assumptions are a component of the functioning of sign systems.
The Civilization of IlliteracyMihai Nadin
assumption
- the act of taking something for granted or something that is taken for granted
- an assuming of power or possession of something
- arrogance; presumption
- logic a statement that is used as the premise of a particular argument but may not be otherwise acceptedCompare axiom (def. 4)
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Word Origin
C13: from Latin assūmptiō a taking up, from assūmere to assume
Assumption
- the taking up of the Virgin Mary (body and soul) into heaven when her earthly life was ended
- the feast commemorating this, celebrated by Roman Catholics on Aug 15
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Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
© William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012
Word Origin and History for assumptions
assumption
n.
c.1300, "the reception, uncorrupted, of the Virgin Mary into Heaven," also the Church festival (Aug. 15) commemorating this, Feast of the Assumption, from Old French assumpcion and directly from Latin assumptionem (nominative assumptio) "a taking, receiving," noun of action from past participle stem of assumere (see assume). Meaning "minor premise of a syllogism" is late 14c. Meaning "appropriation of a right or possession" is mid-15c. Meaning "action of taking for oneself" is recorded from 1580s; that of "something taken for granted" is from 1620s.
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Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper