fermion
Americannoun
noun
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An elementary or composite particle, such as an electron, quark, or proton, whose spin is an integer multiple of 1/2. Fermions act on each other by exchanging bosons and are subject to the Pauli exclusion principle, which requires that no two fermions be in the same quantum state. Fermions are named after the physicist Enrico Fermi, who along with Paul Dirac developed quantum statistical models of their behavior.
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The paper claimed the first discovery of a Majorana fermion, a theoretical particle central to the tech giant’s quantum computing effort.
From Barron's ● Jun. 3, 2026
"By comparing the two -- one with magnetic spins and one without -- we can confirm we've created a heavy fermion," said Posey.
From Science Daily ● Jan. 17, 2024
Supersymmetry hypothesizes an as-yet-undiscovered boson partner for every fermion, and a fermion partner for each boson.
From New York Times ● May 8, 2023
Physicists are also reassessing particle flavor, a quantum property that defines the species of fermion: up quark, down quark, electron, muon, and so on.
From Scientific American ● Sep. 8, 2022
Massive Dirac fermion on the surface of a magnetically doped topological insulator.
From Nature ● Mar. 18, 2018
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