phosphorylation

/ ˌfɒsfərɪˈleɪʃən /

noun

1. the chemical or enzymic introduction into a compound of a phosphoryl group (a trivalent radical of phosphorus and oxygen)

phosphorylation

1. The addition of a phosphate group to an organic molecule. Phosphorylation is important for many processes in living cells. ATP is formed during cell respiration from ADP by phosphorylation, as in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells (oxidative phosphorylation) and the chloroplasts of plant cells (photosynthetic phosphorylation). Phosphorylation also regulates the activity of proteins, such as enzymes, which are often activated by the addition of a phosphate group and deactivated by its removal (called dephosphorylation).

Example Sentences

"This is one of the first demonstrations that phosphorylation can control how cells interact in the extracellular space," Dalva said.

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Phosphorylation is the most ubiquitous modification found in cells.

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Enzymes that catalyze the reaction of transferring phosphate groups to proteins using adenosine triphosphate as a substrate are called protein kinases, and enzymes that catalyze the reaction of removing phosphorylation modifications from phosphoproteins are called protein phosphatases.

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Hisner notes that early on in the pandemic a common mutation that turned up in many variants right at or around the usually-highly phosphorylated N3 region of the nucleocapsid likewise decreased phosphorylation — just like the mutation that produced N* — and that this also appeared to produce more severe disease.

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Clearly, reducing the phosphorylation of N and creating N* has offered benefits that have allowed this mutation to flourish among generations of variants.

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