reduction

American  

[ri-duhk-shuhn] / rɪˈdʌk ʃən /

noun

reductions plural

1. the act of reducing or the state of being reduced.

2. the amount by which something is reduced or diminished.

3. a form produced by reducing a copy on a smaller scale.

4. Cell Biology. meiosis, especially the first meiotic cell division in which the chromosome number is reduced by half.

5. Chemistry. the process or result of reducing.

6. Movies. the process of making a print of a narrower gauge from a print of a wider gauge.

   the reduction of 35-millimeter films to 16-millimeter films for the school market.

7. a village or settlement of Indians in South America established and governed by Spanish Jesuit missionaries.

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reduction British  

/ rɪˈdʌkʃən /

noun

1. the act or process or an instance of reducing

2. the state or condition of being reduced

3. the amount by which something is reduced

4. a form of an original resulting from a reducing process, such as a copy on a smaller scale

5. a simplified form, such as an orchestral score arranged for piano

6. maths

   1. the process of converting a fraction into its decimal form

   2. the process of dividing out the common factors in the numerator and denominator of a fraction; cancellation

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reduction Scientific  

/ rĭ-dŭk′shən /

1. The changing of a fraction into a simpler form, especially by dividing the numerator and denominator by a common factor. For example, the fraction 8/12 can be reduced to 4/6, which can be further reduced to 2/3, in each case by dividing both the numerator and denominator by 2.

2. A chemical reaction in which an atom or ion gains electrons, thus undergoing a decrease in valence. If an iron atom having a valence of +3 gains an electron, the valence decreases to +2.

3. Compare oxidation

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reduction Cultural  

1. Any chemical reaction in which the atoms in a material take on electrons.

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Usage

Beginning students of chemistry are understandably puzzled by the term reduction: shouldn't a reduced atom or ion be one that loses electrons rather than gains them? The reason for the apparent contradiction comes from the early days of chemistry, where reduction and its counterpart, oxidation, were terms invented to describe reactions in which one substance lost an oxygen atom and the other substance gained it. In a reaction such as that between two molecules of hydrogen (2H₂) and one of oxygen (O₂) combining to produce two molecules of water (2H₂O), the hydrogen atoms have gained oxygen atoms and were said to have become “oxidized,” while the oxygen atoms have (as it were) lost them by attaching themselves to the hydrogens, and were said to have become “reduced.” Importantly, though, in the process of gaining an oxygen atom, the hydrogen atoms have had to give up their electrons and share them with the oxygen atoms, while the oxygen atoms have gained electrons. Thus comes the apparent paradox that the “reduced” oxygen has in fact gained something, namely electrons. Today the terms oxidation and reduction are used of any reaction, not just one involving oxygen, where electrons are (respectively) lost or gained.

Discover More

Reduction is the opposite of oxidation.

Other Word Forms

Derived Forms

• nonreduction
  noun
• overreduction
  noun
• self-reduction
  noun
• antireduction
  adjective
• nonreductional
  adjective
• proreduction
  adjective
• reductional
  adjective
• reductive
  adjective

Inflected Forms

Nouns

• reductions
  plural

Etymology

Origin of reduction

First recorded in 1475–85; earlier reduccion, from Middle French reduction, from Latin reductiōn- (stem of reductiō ) “a bringing back,” equivalent to reduct(us) (past participle of redūcere “to lead back” ) + -iōn- noun suffix; see reduce, -ion

Explanation

Reduction is the act of cutting back or making smaller, like the reduction of a school budget that makes it necessary to eliminate art and music programs. The process of reducing something is reduction, or making it smaller. You can talk about a reduction of sugar in someone's diet or a reduction of prices at your favorite shoe store. In math, reduction means bringing fractions to their lowest common denominators. And, in cooking, a reduction is a thick sauce that's made by boiling away most of the liquid, or reducing it to its concentrated essence.

Example Sentences

See Examples For:

reduction reductions

It also found that 23.3% of homes for sale in Vegas had seen a price reduction.

From MarketWatch ● Jul. 28, 2026

The 55-year-old, who has a two-star Michelin restaurant in Nottingham, said a reduction in the tax rate "would help" but uncertainty about the cost of living was the biggest issue.

From BBC ● Jul. 28, 2026

He unveiled the removal of a tax on household electricity bills, a planned cap on most bus fares in England and a 20 percent reduction in business rates for pubs, clubs, and live music venues.

From Barron's ● Jul. 26, 2026

The oil market has avoided a more disorderly price response so far because of several buffers, including China’s sharp reduction in crude imports, they say.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Jul. 24, 2026

The phrase on the aspir- ational level adds nothing to aspire, nor is a prejudice reduction model any more sophisticated than reducing prejudice.

From "The Sense of Style" by Steven Pinker

Hours before Clayton's confirmation vote, Pulte boasted that a fifth round of dismissals would bring staffing reductions at the intelligence coordinating body to about 30 percent within weeks.

From Barron's ● Jul. 28, 2026

If they reach their full retirement age during 2026, they can earn up to $65,160 a year before the month they reach full retirement age before those reductions apply.

From MarketWatch ● Jul. 28, 2026

Additionally, with youth criminal involvement hitting historic lows, the next generation appears to be one of the least criminally prone in decades, which bodes well for continued reductions in the murder rate.

From Salon ● Jul. 20, 2026

A lower dose of camlipixant fell short of achieving significant reductions in both studies, and other secondary goals were also missed, GSK said.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Jul. 17, 2026

Still other soil microbes perform various oxidations and reductions by which minerals such as iron, manganese, and sulfur are transformed and made available to plants.

From "Silent Spring" by Rachel Carson

Related Words

• contraction
• cut
• cutback
• devaluation
• discount
• rebate