ribosome

American  

[rahy-buh-sohm] / ˈraɪ bəˌsoʊm /

noun

Cell Biology.

1. a tiny, somewhat mitten-shaped organelle occurring in great numbers in the cell cytoplasm either freely, in small clusters, or attached to the outer surfaces of endoplasmic reticula, and functioning as the site of protein manufacture.

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ribosome British  

/ ˈraɪbəˌsəʊm /

noun

1. any of numerous minute particles in the cytoplasm of cells, either free or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, that contain RNA and protein and are the site of protein synthesis

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ribosome Scientific  

/ rī′bə-sōm′ /

1. A sphere-shaped structure within the cytoplasm of a cell that is composed of RNA and protein and is the site of protein synthesis. Ribosomes are free in the cytoplasm and often attached to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes exist in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Plastids and mitochondria in eukaryotic cells have smaller ribosomes similar to those of prokaryotes.

2. See more at cell

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ribosome Cultural  

1. A small, ball-like structure in the cell, made of proteins and RNA molecules, that serves as a platform on which the cell's proteins are made.

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Other Word Forms

• ribosomal
  adjective

Etymology

Origin of ribosome

First recorded in 1955–60; ribo(se) + -some ³

Explanation

A ribosome is a tiny part of a cell with the specific job of making protein. All living cells contain ribosomes. Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for RNA translation, the process of building protein out of amino acids using RNA. The ribosome translates code it finds in strands of messenger RNA, using it to form the new proteins needed by the cell. Microbiologist Richard B. Roberts coined ribosome from the complex scientific phrase "ribonucleoprotein particles of the microsome fraction."

Example Sentences

Ribosomal RNA is often modified with chemical tags that can alter the shape and function of the ribosome.

From Science Daily • Nov. 29, 2024

Traditionally, antibiotics have targeted the ribosome or RNAP, but bacteria often find a way to evolve and mutate to create some resistance to those antibiotics.

From Science Daily • Nov. 28, 2024

This group didn’t conduct experiments of its own, but plumbed what others had done, first combing through ribosome profiling papers.

From Science Magazine • Nov. 24, 2024

Mathematical models further showed that this results in a ribosome versus ATP tug-of-war over a limited supply of magnesium in the cell.

From Science Daily • Nov. 16, 2024

Proteins, Brenner and Jacob knew, are synthesized within a cell by a specialized cellular component called the ribosome.

From "The Gene" by Siddhartha Mukherjee