X chromosome

American  

noun

Genetics.

1. a sex chromosome of humans and most mammals that determines femaleness when paired with another X chromosome and that occurs singly in males.

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X-chromosome British  

noun

1. the sex chromosome that occurs in pairs in the diploid cells of the females of many animals, including humans, and as one of a pair with the Y-chromosome in those of males Compare Y-chromosome

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X-chromosome Scientific  

/ ĕks′krō′mə-sōm′ /

1. The sex chromosome that in female mammals is paired with another X-chromosome and in males is paired with a Y-chromosome. Very few genes on the X-chromosome have counterparts on the Y-chromosome, and since males have only one X-chromosome, any gene present on it (even if the gene is recessive in females) is expressed in males. In females, one of the two X-chromosomes in each cell is deactivated.

2. See more at sex chromosome See note at sex

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Etymology

Origin of X chromosome

First recorded in 1910–15

Example Sentences

The team analyzed modern human DNA preserved in Neanderthals, and found an abundance on the X chromosome -- the mirror opposite of humans.

From Barron's • Feb. 26, 2026

Researchers suspected that the mutation causing the condition was somewhere on the X chromosome, because females, which have two X chromosomes, are less affected.

From The Wall Street Journal • Oct. 6, 2025

As it a gene only on the X chromosome in this case controlling the pigment production then one missing piece of DNA is enough to turn a cat fully ginger.

From BBC • May 15, 2025

Using skin samples collected from variously colored cats, the researchers homed in on a mutation on the X chromosome that increases the amount of a protein called Arhgap36 only in pigment-producing cells called melanocytes.

From Science Magazine • Dec. 4, 2024

Half the eggs, therefore, contain an X chromosome, and half a Y, while all the sperms contain an X chromosome.

From Hormones and Heredity by Cunningham, J. T.