shall

American  

[shal, shuhl] / ʃæl, ʃəl /

auxiliary verb

imperative, infinitive, and participles lacking.

PRESENT_SINGULAR_1ST_PERSON

shall,

SECOND_PERSON

shall,

SECOND_PERSON

shalt,

THIRD_PERSON

shall,

PRESENT_PLURAL

shall,

PAST_SINGULAR_1ST_PERSON

should,

SECOND_PERSON

should,

SECOND_PERSON

shouldst, shouldest,

THIRD_PERSON

should,

PAST_PLURAL

should

1. plan to, intend to, or expect to.

   I shall go later.

2. will have to, is determined to, or definitely will.

   You shall do it. He shall do it.

3. (in laws, directives, etc.) must; is or are obliged to.

   The meetings of the council shall be public.

4. (used interrogatively in questions, often in invitations).

   Shall we go?

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shall British  

/ ʃəl, ʃæl /

verb

1. used as an auxiliary to make the future tense Compare will 1

   we shall see you tomorrow

2. 1. used as an auxiliary to indicate determination on the part of the speaker, as in issuing a threat

      you shall pay for this!

   2. used as an auxiliary to indicate compulsion, now esp in official documents

      the Tenant shall return the keys to the Landlord

   3. used as an auxiliary to indicate certainty or inevitability

      our day shall come

3. (with any noun or pronoun as subject, esp in conditional clauses or clauses expressing doubt) used as an auxiliary to indicate nonspecific futurity

   I don't think I shall ever see her again

   he doubts whether he shall be in tomorrow

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Usage

The usual rule given for the use of shall and will is that where the meaning is one of simple futurity, shall is used for the first person of the verb and will for the second and third: I shall go tomorrow; they will be there now. Where the meaning involves command, obligation, or determination, the positions are reversed: it shall be done; I will definitely go. However, shall has come to be largely neglected in favour of will, which has become the commonest form of the future in all three persons

Commonly Confused

The traditional rule of usage guides dates from the 17th century and says that to denote future time shall is used in the first person ( I shall leave. We shall go ) and will in all other persons ( You will be there, won't you? He will drive us to the airport. They will not be at the meeting ). The rule continues that to express determination, will is used in the first person ( We will win the battle ) and shall in the other two persons ( You shall not bully us. They shall not pass ). Whether this rule was ever widely observed is doubtful. Today, will is used overwhelmingly in all three persons and in all types of speech and writing both for the simple future and to express determination. Shall has some use in all persons, chiefly in formal writing or speaking, to express determination: I shall return. We shall overcome. Shall also occurs in the language of laws and directives: All visitors shall observe posted regulations. Most educated native users of American English do not follow the textbook rule in making a choice between shall and will. See also should.

Etymology

Origin of shall

First recorded before 900; Middle English shal, Old English sceal; cognate with Old Saxon skal, Old High German scal, Old Norse skal; compare German soll, Dutch zal

Example Sentences

But the law also says this safe harbor “shall not bear adversely upon the consideration of” a provider’s defense against infringement liability.

From The Wall Street Journal

While defeat shall likely not prove fatal to their hopes of reaching the knockout stages, it was a chastening 100th European match in charge of City for Guardiola.

From Barron's

“Like the Buddhists say, ‘Everything shall pass.’

From Los Angeles Times

A Fifa statement said: "If Cristiano Ronaldo commits another infringement of a similar nature and gravity during the probationary period, the suspension set out in the disciplinary decision shall be deemed automatically revoked and the remaining two matches must be served immediately."

From BBC

They included the 15th Amendment, which said the right of citizens to vote “shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

From Salon