affirmative action

American  

[uh-fur-muh-tiv ak-shuhn] / əˈfɜr mə tɪv ˈæk ʃən /

noun

1. the encouragement of increased representation of women and minority-group members, especially in employment.

---

affirmative action British  

noun

1. Brit equivalent: positive discrimination. a policy or programme designed to counter discrimination against minority groups and women in areas such as employment and education

---

affirmative action Cultural  

1. A term referring to various government policies that aim to increase the proportion of African-Americans, women, and other minorities in jobs and educational institutions historically dominated by white men. The policies usually require employers and institutions to set goals for hiring or admitting minorities.

---

Discover More

Affirmative action has been extremely controversial. Supporters maintain that it is the only way to overcome the effects of past discrimination and promote integration. Critics dismiss it as “reverse discrimination,” denying opportunities to qualified whites and men. (See Bakke decision).

Other Word Forms

• affirmative-action
  adjective

Etymology

Origin of affirmative action

First recorded in 1960–65

Example Sentences

See Examples For:

affirmative action

Bollinger in 2003, upheld colleges and universities engaging in affirmative action, with Justice O’Connor writing an opinion.

From Slate ● Sep. 11, 2026

There have been hunger strikes demanding farmers' rights, affirmative action, environmental protections, anti-corruption laws and the repeal of controversial security legislation.

From BBC ● Jul. 16, 2026

Mr. Steele supports affirmative action as “a form of reconciliation with our dominant racial, ethnic, and gender order” and is “saddened by the tenor of the present moment.”

From The Wall Street Journal ● Mar. 2, 2026

While diversity programs have gone by a variety of names over the decades — nondiscrimination, affirmative action, DEI — they all trace their roots to the Civil Rights Movement, which lasted from 1954 to 1968.

From Salon ● Jan. 19, 2026

During the past twenty years, virtually every progressive, national civil rights organization in the country has mobilized and rallied in defense of affirmative action.

From "The New Jim Crow" by Michelle Alexander