cipher

American  

[sahy-fer] / ˈsaɪ fər /

noun

• ciphers
  plural

1. 

   a secret method of writing or recording data, such as by substituting or adding letters or numbers, using specially formed symbols, or the like; code.

   The spies exchanged messages using a complex cipher.

   The encryption software creates unbreakable ciphers for secure communication.

2. writing, or a piece of writing, done by a secret method; a coded message.

   Hostile agents intercepted the cipher and began trying to figure out its meaning.

3. the key to a secret method of writing.

   After a year of studying the coded messages, the analysts were no closer to discovering the cipher.

4. someone or something that is not understood; mystery or enigma.

   I just can’t figure him out—he’s a complete cipher to me.

5. zero.

6. a person or thing of no influence or importance; nonentity.

   Having lost the party leadership, she is now a mere cipher on the political scene.

7. Usually cypher

   1. a performance by a group of rappers, hip-hop artists, or break dancers who take turns improvising individual verses, dances, etc.

   2. an individual verse, dance, etc., that is part of such a performance.

8. any of the Arabic numerals, such as 1, 2, or 3, or any number written with such numerals, such as 476.

9. Arabic numerical notation collectively.

   The date is MXML in Roman numerals, or 1950 in cipher.

10. a combination of letters, such as the initials of a name, in one design; monogram.

    The cipher for Queen Elizabeth II had an E entwined with an R for regina, Latin for “queen,” on either side of a Roman numeral II.

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verb (used without object)

• ciphers,
  present (3rd person singular)
• ciphered,
  past participle,  past
• ciphering
  present participle

1. to use figures or numerals arithmetically; do arithmetic.

   He had never learned to read or write, but he could cipher.

2. to write messages in or as if in a secret code.

verb (used with object)

• ciphers,
  present (3rd person singular)
• ciphered,
  past participle,  past
• ciphering
  present participle

1. to convert into code; encrypt.

   The program works by ciphering or scrambling the data.

2. to figure out the meaning of; interpret or decode (often used without ).

   Using a good phrase book, the tourist was able to cipher out what people were saying.

3. to calculate numerically; figure (often used without ).

   I tried to cipher out the interest on the loan, compounded over five years.

cipher British  

/ ˈsaɪfə /

noun

1. a method of secret writing using substitution or transposition of letters according to a key

2. a secret message

3. the key to a secret message

4. an obsolete name for zero

5. any of the Arabic numerals (0, 1, 2, 3, etc, to 9) or the Arabic system of numbering as a whole

6. a person or thing of no importance; nonentity

7. a design consisting of interwoven letters; monogram

8. music a defect in an organ resulting in the continuous sounding of a pipe, the key of which has not been depressed

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verb

1. to put (a message) into secret writing

2. (intr) (of an organ pipe) to sound without having the appropriate key depressed

3. rare to perform (a calculation) arithmetically

Other Word Forms

Derived Forms

• cipherer
  noun
• cipherable
  adjective

Inflected Forms

Nouns

• ciphers
  plural

Participles

• ciphering
  present
• ciphered
  past

Conjugated Forms

Present

• cipher
  simple
• ciphers
  simple
• have ciphered
  perfect
• has ciphered
  perfect
• am ciphering
  progressive
• are ciphering
  progressive
• is ciphering
  progressive
• have been ciphering
  perfect progressive
• has been ciphering
  perfect progressive

Past

• ciphered
  simple
• had ciphered
  perfect
• was ciphering
  progressive
• were ciphering
  progressive
• had been ciphering
  perfect progressive

Future

• will cipher
  simple
• will have ciphered
  perfect
• will be ciphering
  progressive
• will have been ciphering
  perfect progressive

Etymology

Origin of cipher

First recorded in 1350–1400; Middle English siphre, from Medieval Latin ciphra, from Arabic ṣifr “empty, zero”; translation of Sanskrit śūnyā “empty”

Explanation

A cipher is a secret code, usually one that's created using a mathematical algorithm. Sometimes the message written in code is itself called a cipher. Cipher comes from the Arabic sifr, which means "nothing" or "zero." The word came to Europe along with the Arabic numeral system. As early codes substituted numerals for letters to hide the word’s meaning, codes became known as ciphers. If you crack a cipher, you break the code and can understand the message. From its "zero" meaning, cipher can also be used for a person who has no influence or importance in the world.

Example Sentences

See Examples For:

cipher ciphers ciphered ciphering

At the Pyry Conference near Warsaw in 1939, Polish cryptologists invited French and British counterparts, including Alastair Denniston and Dilly Knox, to share their pioneering success in breaking the German Enigma machine cipher.

From BBC ● Oct. 10, 2026

Protected by their cipher and full of vim, the Americans were under a blanket of surveillance in Moscow so heavy that they couldn’t wriggle out long enough to meet refuseniks.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Aug. 25, 2026

Frostproof became a cipher for just how untouchable the industry had become.

From Slate ● Apr. 20, 2026

But he has been a cipher when it comes to the administration’s military “excursions,” as Trump calls them, and has reportedly even been exiled from the makeshift Mar-a-Lago situation room.

From Salon ● Mar. 16, 2026

Barbara put this trick to good use at summer camp, when she wrote her letters in cipher so that the camp director couldn’t read them.

From "The Woman All Spies Fear" by Amy Butler Greenfield

The love he once had for baseball he now felt for a strange and mysterious place that was as old as history itself yet as secretive as the classical ciphers.

From Los Angeles Times ● May 4, 2026

They were challenged to embed hidden codes, and ciphers into their designs.

From BBC ● Dec. 10, 2025

But I am calling for a little more emotional clarity from the adults who condemn these students for being imperfect ciphers of morality.

From Slate ● May 2, 2024

So homophonic ciphers used multiple symbols interchangeably for high-frequency letters, Lasry says.

From Scientific American ● Feb. 8, 2023

But every so often, you glimpse the pure fun of ciphers and codes.

From "The Woman All Spies Fear" by Amy Butler Greenfield

You can let a computer create various passwords and convert them into ciphered values using known hash functions.

From Scientific American ● Jun. 13, 2023

The ciphered letters were believed to be Italian.

From Scientific American ● Feb. 8, 2023

Also known as Mary Stuart, the then deposed queen of Scotland, who was a contender for the English throne, wrote these 57 ciphered letters between 1578 and 1584.

From Scientific American ● Feb. 8, 2023

But they were stumped by the even more complex ciphered messages being transmitted among Hitler and the generals Erwin Rommel, Wilhelm Keitel, Gerd von Rundstedt and Alfred Jodl.

From New York Times ● Apr. 2, 2014

In the ciphered telegrams of September 19 and 20, which the Director of the Asiatic Department at St. Petersburg sent to the Russian Consul-General at Rustchuk, the note of resentment and revenge was clearly sounded.

From The Development of the European Nations, 1870-1914 (5th ed.) by John Holland Rose

“They will occupy historians of Britain and Europe and students of the French language and early modern ciphering techniques for many years to come,” he said.

From New York Times ● Feb. 8, 2023

He used intricate script to write in a ciphering book, which was kept by students of the day to progress through the entirety of their mathematics education.

From Washington Post ● Nov. 26, 2021

He expressed his ciphering talent in an addendum to a letter his wife wrote on July 14, 1897.

From Salon ● Oct. 11, 2021

This reminds us of when some big, musty steamer trunk of a bill gets plopped down in Congress and the poor folks at the Congressional Budget Office get to ciphering.

From Fox News ● May 5, 2020

I liked ciphering all right, but I didn’t care much for spelling and studying the Bible and memorizing psalms.

From "My Brother Sam is Dead" by James Lincoln Collier and Christopher Collier

Related Words

• nonentity