contrapositive

American  

[kon-truh-poz-i-tiv] / ˌkɒn trəˈpɒz ɪ tɪv /

adjective

1. of or relating to contraposition.

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noun

1. a contrapositive statement of a proposition.

contrapositive British  

/ ˌkɒntrəˈpɒzɪtɪv /

adjective

1. placed opposite or against

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noun

1. logic

   1. a conditional statement derived from another by negating and interchanging antecedent and consequent

   2. a categorial proposition obtained from another, esp validly, by any of a number of operations including negation, transferring the terms, changing their quality, and also possibly weakening from universal to particular

Etymology

Origin of contrapositive

First recorded in 1855–60; contraposit(ion) + -ive

Explanation

In logic, a contrapositive is a new version of a statement like "If the sun rises there, then that's east" that reverses and negates it, but is still logically sound: "If that's not east, then the sun doesn't rise there." Contrapositive is derived from the Latin contraponere, "to place opposite." To form a contrapositive, you take a conditional statement, also called an "If…then" statement, flip around the hypothesis and conclusion, and make both negative. If the original statement is true, the contrapositive will be true, too. For example, if you start with the sentence "If a shape has three sides, it's a triangle," its contrapositive, "If a shape isn't a triangle, it does not have three sides," is also valid.

Example Sentences

The proof of part ii. is the contrapositive of part i.

From Textbooks • Mar. 30, 2016

He has a wife and kids at home," says twin Nicole, who then states the contrapositive of the real lesson of reality programming: "Celebs like him are just average normal people.

From Time Magazine Archive

In the case of the I proposition the contrapositive is impossible, as infringing the main rule of conversion.

From Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 3 "Convention" to "Copyright" by Various

As before, the conclusion in the constructive type resolves itself into the subalternate of the major itself, and in the destructive type into the subalternate of its contrapositive.

From Deductive Logic by Stock, St. George William Joseph

This appearance arises from mentally reading the E as an A proposition: but, if it were so taken, the result would be its contrapositive, and not its converse by negation.

From Deductive Logic by Stock, St. George William Joseph