a river in SW Asia, flowing from E Turkey through Syria and Iraq, joining the Tigris to form the Shatt-al-Arab near the Persian Gulf. 1,700 miles (2,735 km) long.
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Identifying the watery nature of this early metropolis has important implications for how urban life flourished nearly 5,000 years ago between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, where modern-day Iraq lies.
That is because for the most part of their existence, the Sumerians, as a people, were divided into various city-states and kingdoms mostly within the confines of Sumer – the region of southern Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Interestingly enough, as a means to deal with the mobility of the Mongol army, the Mamluks might have practiced the burning of dried grasslands north of the Euphrates river – thereby denying the main source of nourishment for the enemy horse herds.
a river in SW Asia, rising in E Turkey and flowing south across Syria and Iraq to join the Tigris, forming the Shatt-al-Arab, which flows to the head of the Persian Gulf: important in ancient times for the extensive irrigation of its valley (in Mesopotamia). Length: 3598 km (2235 miles)