foul

American  

[faul] / faʊl /

adjective

• fouler,
  comparative
• foulest
  superlative

1. grossly offensive to the senses; disgustingly loathsome; noisome.

   a foul smell.

   Synonyms:

   repellent, repulsive

   Antonyms:

   pleasant

2. containing or characterized by offensive or noisome matter.

   foul air; foul stagnant water.

   Synonyms:

   stinking, putrid, fetid

3. filthy or dirty, as places, receptacles, clothes, etc.

   Synonyms:

   impure, polluted, unclean

   Antonyms:

   clean

4. muddy, as a road.

5. clogged or obstructed with foreign matter.

   a foul gas jet.

   Antonyms:

   clear

6. unfavorable or stormy.

   foul weather.

   Synonyms:

   tempestuous, rainy

   Antonyms:

   clear

7. contrary, violent, or unfavorable, as the wind.

   Synonyms:

   adverse

8. grossly offensive in a moral sense.

9. abominable, wicked, or vile, as deeds, crime, slander, etc.

   Synonyms:

   infamous, shameful, base

10. scurrilous, profane, or obscene; offensive.

    foul language.

    Synonyms:

    low, coarse, vulgar, smutty

11. contrary to the rules or established usages, as of a sport or game; unfair.

    a foul blow.

12. Baseball. pertaining to a foul ball or a foul line.

13. limited in freedom of movement by obstruction, entanglement, etc..

    a foul anchor.

14. abounding in errors or in marks of correction, as a printer's proof, manuscript, or the like.

15. Nautical.

    1. (of the underwater portion of a hull) encrusted and impeded with barnacles, seaweed, etc.

    2. (of a mooring place) involving inconveniences and dangers, as of colliding with vessels or other objects when swinging with the tide.

    3. (of the bottom of a body of water) affording a poor hold for an anchor (opposed to clean).

16. North England and Scot.. not fair; ugly or unattractive.

17. Obsolete. disfigured.

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adverb

1. in a foul manner; vilely; unfairly.

2. Baseball. into foul territory; so as to be foul.

   It looked like a homer when he hit it, but it went foul.

noun

• fouls
  plural

1. something that is foul.

2. a collision or entanglement.

   a foul between two racing sculls.

3. a violation of the rules of a sport or game.

   The referee called it a foul.

4. Baseball. foul ball.

verb (used with object)

• fouls,
  present (3rd person singular)
• fouled,
  past participle,  past
• fouling
  present participle

1. to make foul; defile; soil.

   Synonyms:

   pollute, taint, besmirch, dirty, stain, sully

   Antonyms:

   clean

2. to clog or obstruct, as a chimney or the bore of a gun.

3. to collide with.

4. to cause to become entangled or caught, as a rope.

5. to defile; dishonor; disgrace.

   His reputation had been fouled by unfounded accusations.

   Synonyms:

   shame

6. Nautical. (of barnacles, seaweed, etc.) to cling to (a hull) so as to encumber.

7. Baseball. to hit (a pitched ball) foul (often followed by off oraway ).

   He fouled off two curves before being struck out on a fastball.

verb (used without object)

• fouls,
  present (3rd person singular)
• fouled,
  past participle,  past
• fouling
  present participle

1. to become foul.

2. Nautical. to come into collision, as two boats.

3. to become entangled or clogged.

   The rope fouled.

4. Sports. to make a foul play; give a foul blow.

5. Baseball. to hit a foul ball.

verb phrase

1. foul up to cause confusion or disorder; bungle; spoil.

2. foul out

   1. Baseball. to be put out by hitting a foul ball caught on the fly by a player on the opposing team.

   2. Basketball. to be expelled from a game for having committed more fouls than is allowed.

idioms

1. run foul / afoul of, to come into collision or controversy with.

   to run foul of the press.

2. foul one's nest, to dishonor one's own home, family, or the like.

3. fall foul / afoul of,

   1. to collide with, as ships.

   2. to come into conflict with; quarrel.

   3. to make an attack; assault.

foul British  

/ faʊl /

adjective

1. offensive to the senses; revolting

2. offensive in odour; stinking

3. charged with or full of dirt or offensive matter; filthy

4. (of food) putrid; rotten

5. morally or spiritually offensive; wicked; vile

6. obscene; vulgar

   foul language

7. not in accordance with accepted standards or established rules; unfair

   to resort to foul means

8. (esp of weather) unpleasant or adverse

9. blocked or obstructed with dirt or foreign matter

   a foul drain

10. entangled or impeded

    a foul anchor

11. (of the bottom of a vessel) covered with barnacles and other growth that slow forward motion

12. informal unsatisfactory or uninteresting; bad

    a foul book

13. archaic ugly

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noun

1. sport

   1. a violation of the rules

   2. ( as modifier )

      a foul shot

      a foul blow

2. something foul

3. an entanglement or collision, esp in sailing or fishing

verb

1. to make or become dirty or polluted

2. to become or cause to become entangled or snarled

3. (tr) to disgrace or dishonour

4. to become or cause to become clogged or choked

5. (tr) nautical (of underwater growth) to cling to (the bottom of a vessel) so as to slow its motion

6. (tr) sport to commit a foul against (an opponent)

7. (tr) baseball to hit (a ball) in an illegal manner

8. (intr) sport to infringe the rules

9. (tr) (of an animal, especially a dog) to defecate on

   do not let your dog foul the footpath

10. to collide with (a boat, etc)

adverb

1. in a foul or unfair manner

2. 1. to come into conflict with

   2. nautical to come into collision with

foul More Idioms  

More idioms and phrases containing foul

• run afoul of

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Synonym Usage

See dirty.

Other Word Forms

Derived Forms

• overfoulness
  noun
• overfoul
  adjective
• unfoul
  adjective
• unfouled
  adjective
• foully
  adverb
• overfoully
  adverb
• unfoully
  adverb

Inflected Forms

Nouns

• fouls
  plural

Adjectives

• fouler
  comparative
• foulest
  superlative

Participles

• fouling
  present
• fouled
  past

Conjugated Forms

Present

• foul
  simple
• fouls
  simple
• have fouled
  perfect
• has fouled
  perfect
• am fouling
  progressive
• are fouling
  progressive
• is fouling
  progressive
• have been fouling
  perfect progressive
• has been fouling
  perfect progressive

Past

• fouled
  simple
• had fouled
  perfect
• was fouling
  progressive
• were fouling
  progressive
• had been fouling
  perfect progressive

Future

• will foul
  simple
• will have fouled
  perfect
• will be fouling
  progressive
• will have been fouling
  perfect progressive

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Etymology

Origin of foul

before 900; (adj. and noun) Middle English ful, foul, Old English fūl; cognate with Gothic fuls, Old Norse fūll, Old High German fūl; akin to Latin pūs pus, pūtēre to stink, Greek pýon pus; (adv.) Middle English fule, foule, derivative of the adj.; (v.) Middle English fulen, derivative of the adj.

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Explanation

Foul is most commonly used as an adjective to describe a bad smell. As a verb, foul usually means “make dirty or messy.” You might foul your room to the point where it smells a bit foul. In general, foul can be used as an adjective meaning "bad." Foul luck is bad luck; a foul day is a bad day. As a verb, foul can mean "break the rules." It’s used this way in sports, like when you commit a foul on the basketball court. The phrase "foul play" can be used in the context of sports or more generally, to indicate unfair or violent behavior. Avoid confusing foul with fowl, which refers to birds, especially chickens.

Example Sentences

See Examples For:

foul fouls fouler foulest fouled fouling

But, for a penalty, the actions of Tarkowski only need to be a foul, not violent conduct.

From BBC ● Nov. 6, 2026

Doncic, who was called for a technical foul late in the first half — his second of the season — had 24 points by halftime.

From Los Angeles Times ● Nov. 3, 2026

Shirt pulling is not in itself an automatic foul.

From BBC ● Nov. 2, 2026

Nicolas Martinez said detectives continue to investigate, but that “there is still no evidence that shows the death was a result of foul play.”

From The Wall Street Journal ● Nov. 1, 2026

His face was beet red and, judging from his tone of voice, he was in a foul mood, but otherwise he seemed unharmed.

From "The Unseen Guest" by Maryrose Wood

He topped the rankings for a number of metrics such as touches of the ball, winning possession, contesting duels and drawing the most fouls.

From BBC ● Nov. 6, 2026

But the first half was a choppy affair because of all the fouls being called.

From Los Angeles Times ● Nov. 5, 2026

He actually did everything the team needed - ran with the ball, looked after it, bought fouls, tried his best to get others sent off.

From BBC ● Sep. 14, 2026

Fox’s coverage pivoted from hard fouls to trans panic, Clark got dragged into a fight she has spent three years trying to avoid and Cunningham’s follower count exploded.

From Salon ● Aug. 15, 2026

He tries a Ruy López opening but fouls up the move order.

From "The Bletchley Riddle" by Ruta Sepetys and Steve Sheinkin

In the past, winks at some of the fouler ideas out there was enough to titillate the audience while keeping up the pretense of respectability.

From Salon ● Nov. 2, 2026

Having inured himself to the fouler demands of his job, Jovan must now contend with a more depraved, bleach-resistant form of refuse as a rogue insider splatters his workplace with sinister graffiti.

From New York Times ● Nov. 22, 2017

And his merchants and armies were making a befouled realm even fouler.

From Slate ● Feb. 6, 2017

"Foul as it is, Hell itself is made fouler by the presence of John."

From BBC ● Oct. 18, 2016

The weather was growing fouler every day as the Antarctic winter approached, with hard frosts and cold rain.

From "Shipwreck at the Bottom of the World" by Jennifer Armstrong

Many have experienced its foulest moods and nowadays can even record what they’ve seen on their smartphones, then share the footage online.

From National Geographic ● Dec. 15, 2023

But by 1850, his family said he was a "changed man", with the former leader describing slavery as "by far the foulest crime that taints the history of mankind".

From BBC ● Aug. 20, 2023

“There is no greater fool than one who shouts ‘Happy Christmas!’ in a city throughout which the foulest of mankind lurks ’round every corner,” Holmes growls.

From New York Times ● Dec. 1, 2021

Now imagine Lennon has steered your ship safely through a horrific storm, lashing himself to the captain’s chair and singing “the foulest, filthiest, manliest sea shanty” through the night.

From Washington Post ● Dec. 21, 2018

He recruited his army from the foulest criminals ever vomited up by corrupt prison systems anywhere in the world.

From "The House of the Scorpion" by Nancy Farmer

Neither book argues for a return to the olfactory world of the past, and surely nobody wants streets where sewage runs in the gutters and rivers are fouled by industrial waste.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Oct. 30, 2026

He fouled off Snell’s fastball, changeup, curveball and slider.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Oct. 15, 2026

The score, Reus’ sixth of the season and third from the penalty spot, was set up when Seattle’s Paul Rothrock fouled the Galaxy’s Hirving Lozano in the box.

From Los Angeles Times ● Sep. 13, 2026

After close to an hour of physical, full-blooded football, Sunderland were given a penalty when Ezri Konsa fouled Dan Ballard at a corner.

From BBC ● Sep. 12, 2026

“You ruined the exercise. You fouled up. You could get the whole unit binned. So you’d better start telling me what went wrong.”

From "Stormbreaker" by Anthony Horowitz

The discovery was especially surprising because the buildup of material inside membrane pores, known as fouling, is normally considered a serious problem.

From Science Daily ● Nov. 5, 2026

Adrien Rabiot: Lucky to stay on the pitch after fouling Ruiz having already been booked for an early challenge on Dani Olmo.

From BBC ● Jul. 14, 2026

For days before their brutal and bloody round-of-16 match against Paraguay, they devoted hours of practice time to countering soccer’s Dark Arts—trash talk, persistent fouling, and relentless physicality.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Jul. 9, 2026

But the victory came with an asterisk: Folarin Balogun, a Brooklyn-born striker who leads the team in goals, got a red card for fouling an opposing player.

From Slate ● Jul. 6, 2026

Rabbits will not excrete underground and Kehaar’s habit of fouling his own nest had always disgusted Hazel.

From "Watership Down: A Novel" by Richard Adams

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Related Words

• fetid
• filthy
• hateful
• horrid
• nasty
• putrid
• rotten
• vicious
• vile
• wicked

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