guillotine

American  

[gil-uh-teen, gee-uh-, gil-uh-teen, gee-uh-] / ˈgɪl əˌtin, ˈgi ə-, ˌgɪl əˈtin, ˌgi ə- /

noun

1. a device for beheading a person by means of a heavy blade that is dropped between two posts serving as guides: widely used during the French Revolution.

2. an instrument for surgically removing the tonsils.

3. any of various machines in which a vertical blade between two parallel uprights descends to cut or trim metal, stacks of paper, etc.

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verb (used with object)

guillotined, guillotining

1. to behead by the guillotine.

2. to cut with or as if with a guillotine.

guillotine British  

noun

1. 1. a device for beheading persons, consisting of a weighted blade set between two upright posts

   2. execution by this instrument

2. a device for cutting or trimming sheet material, such as paper or sheet metal, consisting of a blade inclined at a small angle that descends onto the sheet

3. a surgical instrument for removing tonsils, growths in the throat, etc

4. Also called: closure by compartment.  (in Parliament, etc) a form of closure under which a bill is divided into compartments, groups of which must be completely dealt with each day

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verb

1. to behead (a person) by guillotine

2. (in Parliament, etc) to limit debate on (a bill, motion, etc) by the guillotine

guillotine Cultural  

1. A machine designed for beheading people quickly and with minimal pain. The guillotine, which used a large falling knife blade, was devised by a physician, Joseph Guillotin, during the French Revolution and was used as the official method of execution in France until the twentieth century.

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Other Word Forms

• guillotiner noun
• unguillotined adjective

Etymology

Origin of guillotine

1785–95; named after J. I. Guillotin (1738–1814), French physician who urged its use

Explanation

Invented in France, the guillotine is a device used to behead people convicted of crimes. The guillotine was named after Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, a French doctor who promoted the machine because it was a quicker and more humane way to cut off a person’s head. Guillotine is also as verb. The last time the French government guillotined someone was in 1977, and in 1981 the death penalty was abolished in France.

Example Sentences

“Consolidation now hangs over the film industry like a guillotine, with job losses likely and the future of the theatrical movie-going experience in question,” Lauzen wrote in her report.

From Los Angeles Times • Jan. 1, 2026

The Sept. 1 protest had “little to no energy,” according to an internal Portland police summary, before federal officers dispersed the crowd to collect a prop guillotine that had been brought.

From Salon • Nov. 14, 2025

“It’s not like the guillotine is coming out,” said Roberts, the retired banker, who spoke via Zoom from a vacation in Paris.

From The Wall Street Journal • Oct. 17, 2025

If, in 1793, you were going to visit the full-scale model of the guillotine exhibited at S. W. Fores’ Piccadilly print shop, you could hardly miss these merciless cartoons.

From Slate • Jul. 21, 2025

“They don’t use the guillotine anymore,” Soheil says.

From "Internment" by Samira Ahmed