had constrained
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past perfectof constrain.past perfect
Used to express a completed action that took place before another specific past action occurred.
constrainverb (used with object)to force, compel, or oblige.
Example Sentences
Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.
On Tuesday, the chief executive of London’s Heathrow Airport said staff shortages had constrained the airport’s capacity, leading it to limit passengers for the summer.
From New York Times ● Jul. 16, 2022
Mr McCallum said the expulsion of Russian diplomats after the Salisbury poisonings in 2018 and continued refusal of visas had prevented Moscow rebuilding its presence and had constrained the threat in the UK.
From BBC ● Jul. 8, 2022
But there were also widespread reports that shortages of staff and disrupted supply chains had constrained growth in August, says Markit -- as the lack of key workers such as lorry drivers hits retailers.
From The Guardian ● Sep. 3, 2021
Apple had constrained the Mac Pro at a time when users wanted expandability and upgradability.
From The Verge ● May 31, 2019
There were some gentry whom the populace had constrained to take part with them, and who kept a secret correspondence with Suffolk.
From The History of England in Three Volumes, Vol.I., Part C. From Henry VII. to Mary by David Hume