inflation

American  

[in-fley-shuhn] / ɪnˈfleɪ ʃən /

noun

1. Economics. a persistent, substantial rise in the general level of prices related to an increase in the volume of money and resulting in the loss of value of currency (deflation ).

2. the act of inflating.

3. the state of being inflated.

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inflation British  

/ ɪnˈfleɪʃən /

noun

1. the act of inflating or state of being inflated

2. economics a progressive increase in the general level of prices brought about by an expansion in demand or the money supply ( demand-pull inflation ) or by autonomous increases in costs ( cost-push inflation ) Compare deflation

3. informal the rate of increase of prices

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inflation Cultural  

1. A general increase in prices.

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Other Word Forms

• anti-inflation noun
• noninflation noun
• overinflation noun
• reinflation noun
• self-inflation noun

Etymology

Origin of inflation

First recorded in 1300–50; Middle English inflacio(u)n, from Latin inflātiōn-, stem of inflātiō, equivalent to inflāt(us), past participle of inflāre “to blow on or into, puff out” + -iō -ion; inflate

Explanation

Think of inflation as expansion, usually from being filled with air, like a balloon. This also refers to rising prices. Think of a balloon puffing up, getting fuller and fuller — that's inflation. The word has a bunch of related meanings. We can say people a little too full of themselves are suffering from inflation: they are full of hot air. When the cost of living is ballooning, that's economic inflation. When the universe was born in the big bang, there was a huge inflation, as matter spread out, creating galaxies, stars, and planets.

Example Sentences

Such dismal inflation figures would appear to rule out any further Fed rate cuts this year.

From MarketWatch • Apr. 17, 2026

An uptick in inflation due to the conflict is broadly expected to hike up costs and weigh on consumer spending habits.

From The Wall Street Journal • Apr. 17, 2026

Previous increases in oil prices are likely to push the rate of inflation to as high as 3.7% by June, Oxford estimates.

From MarketWatch • Apr. 17, 2026

The war in Iran is a seething stalemate, the price of oil is up about 60% this year, inflation jumped to 3.3% in March—and still U.S. stocks set all-time highs this week.

From The Wall Street Journal • Apr. 17, 2026

“See that little black rubber dot, the inflation hole? Make sure that hole is facing up all the time.”

From "The Million Dollar Shot" by Dan Gutman

Related Words

• boom
• expansion
• hike
• rise