philosophaster

[fi-los-uh-fas-ter, fi-los-uh-fas-ter]

noun

a person who has only a superficial knowledge of philosophy or who feigns a knowledge he or she does not possess.

Origin of philosophaster

1605–15; < Late Latin: a bit of a philosopher. See philosopher, -aster¹

Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2018

The philosophaster's object was not to instruct, but to befool his hearers, as every page attests.
The Basis of Morality
Arthur Schopenhauer