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rebec

[ ree-bek ] [ ˈri bɛk ] Show IPA Phonetic Respelling

noun

a Renaissance fiddle with a pear-shaped body tapering into a neck that ends in a sickle-shaped or scroll-shaped pegbox.

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More about rebec

Rebec “a Renaissance fiddle” is a borrowing by way of Middle French from Old French rebebe, with a phonetic alteration possibly because of the influence of bec “beak,” after the shape of the instrument. Rebebe derives from Arabic rabāb, the noun form of the verb rabba “to control, be master.” From the same Semitic root as rabba are the Hebrew- and Aramaic-origin terms rabbi, rabbinical, and rebbe, which all mean “master” or “my master” in their languages of origin. Despite the similarity in spelling, rebec is not related to the name Rebecca, which comes from a Semitic root meaning “to tie, join, connect.” Rebec was first recorded in English circa 1750.

how is rebec used?

The development of the modern violin was gradual and complex, evolving from a variety of other stringed instruments …. The influence of the two-stringed rabab, an Arabian fiddle introduced to western Europe in the 11th century, and the three-stringed rebec, which appeared in Spain between the 11th and 13th centuries, likely as a result of the Crusades, is also reflected in the modern violin. The French vielle, like the rebec, was usually supported on the chest or under the chin and was widely used by troubadours in the 13th to 15th centuries to accompany singing and dancing.

Josemi Lorenzo, “Italian musical masters took the violin from fiddle to first chair,” National Geographic, January 22, 2019

Mr. Savall’s choice of instruments told some of the story. He switched between the rebab, an Arabic bowed instrument with a timbre that can sound either raspy or lyrical, depending on how you play it, and its smaller, lighter-voiced European descendant, the rebec. Dimitri Psonis played the santur, a Persian dulcimer, and the oud, a fretless Middle Eastern cousin to the lute. And David Mayoral performed on drums and tambourines of various kinds, sizes and origins, usually with an appealing subtlety born of playing with fingertips and palms rather than sticks and mallets. This was a Middle Eastern ensemble at heart.

Allan Kozinn, “Building East-West Bridges in Tune,” New York Times, June 14, 2012

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sardonic

[ sahr-don-ik ] [ sɑrˈdɒn ɪk ] Show IPA Phonetic Respelling

adjective

characterized by bitter or scornful derision; mocking; sneering; cynical.

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More about sardonic

Sardonic “characterized by bitter derision” is an alteration of sardonian, which derives either by way of Latin sardonius or directly from Ancient Greek sardónios “of Sardinia.” Sardinia comes into the picture here because, allegedly, sardónios once alluded to a plant from the island that, when consumed, was legendary for producing convulsive laughter until the eater died. However, this story about sardónios may in fact be folk etymology; one theory is that this spelling and definition replaced those of the original term, sardánios “bitter or scornful laughter.” Unfortunately, the ultimate origin of sardonic remains today, as it has for centuries, a mystery. Sardonic was first recorded in English in the 1630s.

how is sardonic used?

Mr. Crampton … rode very fast until he was round the bend—just to show how angry he was. For a space he was boiling with rage. Then he laughed aloud in a sardonic fashion. “Of all possible experiences!” he said. “Ha-ha! And this comes of trying to help a fellow-creature!” The sardonic mood remained. He hated every human being on the road and every human being in Crawley, both on the right-hand side and on the left.

H. G. Wells, “A Perfect Gentleman on Wheels,” 1897

Phrenologically speaking, physiognomically speaking, Jack was as plausible a claimant to character and distinction as any of the rest of them, as he must have known. Perhaps that is why he seemed mildly sardonic when he looked at her, knowing with what interest she looked at him. Yes, he seemed to say, here it is, the face we all joked about and lamented over and carried off as well as we could, the handsome face.

Marilynne Robinson, Home, 2008

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Word of the day

teapoy

[ tee-poi ] [ ˈti pɔɪ ] Show IPA Phonetic Respelling

noun

a small three-legged table or stand.

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More about teapoy

Teapoy “a small three-legged table or stand” is adapted from Hindi tīpāi, with a spelling change likely because of the association with tea. Hindi tīpāi, however, is not related to tea; instead, tīpāi comes from Persian sipāya “three-legged stand.” The phonetic change from Persian s to Hindi t is due to a replacement of the Persian word for “three” with its Hindi cognate tīn, while the instrument sitar “a lute with a small, pear-shaped body” preserves this Persian numeral. Sipāya is a compound of Persian “three” and pāy “foot,” which are distant relatives of English three and foot, Latin trēs and pēs, Ancient Greek treîs and poús, and Sanskrit trí and pád. Teapoy was first recorded in English in the 1820s.

how is teapoy used?

[I]n front of the fireplace were placed three cane stools with a long, low, mahogany teapoy. Richard often sat there, his pipe in hand and browsed through his books and ancient manuscripts. … On the long teapoy lay half-open books and periodicals. At one end of it stood a pipe stand with half a dozen pipes of different shapes and sizes hanging in it. The round lampshade over the teapoy had been so arranged that, switched on, the light fell only on the three cane stools and the teapoy, leaving the rest of the room in semi-darkness.

Khushwant Singh, Memories of Madness: Stories of 1947, 2002

There was a small wooden teapoy near the sofa, with an embroidered cross stitch tablecloth on it, with designs of Mistress Mary, quite contrary, watering her flowerbeds. Naomi had done it for her craft class in the ninth standard. A beautiful crystal vase, filled with wilting red roses stood on the teapoy. There were faded yellow half-curtains for the windows strung on taut springs. But the windows were shut.

Elizabeth Kottarem, “A Treat for the Orphans,” Mehbub Gulley: Short Stories from India, 2014

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