literally

American  

[lit-er-uh-lee] / ˈlɪt ər ə li /

adverb

1. in the literal or strict sense.

   She failed to grasp the metaphor and interpreted the poem literally.

   What does the word mean literally?

2. in a literal manner; word for word.

   to translate literally.

3. actually; without exaggeration or inaccuracy.

   The city was literally destroyed.

4. in effect; in substance; very nearly; virtually.

   I literally died when she walked out on stage in that costume.

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literally British  

/ ˈlɪtərəlɪ /

adverb

1. in a literal manner

2. (intensifier)

   there were literally thousands of people

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Usage

Since the early 19th century, literally has been widely used as an intensifier meaning “in effect, virtually,” a sense that contradicts the earlier meaning “actually, without exaggeration”: The senator was literally buried alive in the Iowa primaries. The parties were literally trading horses in an effort to reach a compromise. The use is often criticized; nevertheless, it appears in all but the most carefully edited writing. Although this use of literally irritates some, it probably neither distorts nor enhances the intended meaning of the sentences in which it occurs. The same might often be said of the use of literally in its earlier sense “actually”: The garrison was literally wiped out: no one survived.

The use of literally as an intensifier is common, esp in informal contexts. In some cases, it provides emphasis without adding to the meaning: the house was literally only five minutes walk away. Often, however, its use results in absurdity: the news was literally an eye-opener to me. It is therefore best avoided in formal contexts

Etymology

Origin of literally

First recorded in 1525–35; literal + -ly

Explanation

The adverb literally means "actually," and we use it when we want others to know we're serious, not exaggerating or being metaphorical. If your mom complains that your room is overflowing with clothes, she probably doesn't mean this literally. Your room might be messy and chaotic, but your clothes aren't actually piled so high that they're flowing into the hallway. Your mom is being figurative — she's exaggerating. Now, if your clothes really were piled up so high that they were flowing into the hallway, your mom would say, "Your room is literally overflowing with clothes!"

Example Sentences

This two-parter zooms in on the bees, literally taking us inside the hive with cameras that let us see eggs getting laid and newborns emerging as we learn the ins and outs of hive life.

From Los Angeles Times • Apr. 13, 2026

This is what I learned from Edward Fishman, who worked on sanctions policy in the Obama administration and literally wrote the book on this subject: “Chokepoints: American Power in the Age of Economic Warfare.”

From The Wall Street Journal • Apr. 12, 2026

The belief stems from the denomination's approach to the Bible, whereby scripture is read literally, but using only the organisation's approved translations.

From BBC • Apr. 12, 2026

He compared his Truth Social post to the common slogan “Marg bar Amrika,” which means “Death to America” when translated literally.

From Salon • Apr. 12, 2026

If an NTI says “What’s up,” do not take this literally.

From "The First State of Being" by Erin Entrada Kelly

Related Words

• actually
• completely
• directly
• plainly
• precisely
• really
• simply
• truly