archaeology

American  

[ahr-kee-ol-uh-jee] / ˌɑr kiˈɒl ə dʒi /

Or archeology

noun

1. the scientific study of historic or prehistoric peoples and their cultures by analysis of their artifacts, inscriptions, monuments, and other such remains, especially those that have been excavated.

2. Rare. ancient history; the study of antiquity.

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archaeology British  

/ ˌɑːkɪˈɒlədʒɪ /

noun

1. the study of man's past by scientific analysis of the material remains of his cultures See also prehistory protohistory

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archaeology Scientific  

/ är′kē-ŏl′ə-jē /

1. The scientific study of past human life and culture by the examination of physical remains, such as graves, tools, and pottery.

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archaeology Cultural  

1. The recovery and study of material objects, such as graves, buildings, tools, artworks, and human remains, to investigate the structure and behavior of past cultures. Archaeologists rely on physical remains as clues to the emergence and development of human societies and civilizations. Anthropologists, by contrast, to interact with living people to study their cultures.

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Other Word Forms

• archaeologist
  noun
• archaeological
  adjective
• archaeologically
  adverb

Etymology

Origin of archaeology

First recorded in 1600–10, archaeology is from the Greek word archaiología the discussion of antiquities. See archaeo-, -logy

Explanation

If your idea of excitement is sifting dirt to find bits of pottery, chances are that you're an archaeology enthusiast. Archaeology is all about understanding the past by analyzing material culture — that is, objects shaped by human hands. The Greek suffix -ology ("the study of") should be familiar. Consider the word biology: bios is Greek for "life," so biology is "the study of life." Arkhaios is "ancient." Thus, archaeology is "the study of ancient things." Early archaeologists tended to seek sensational finds — like Howard Carter, who found King Tut's tomb. Contemporary archaeologists are generally more concerned with reconstructing the lives of everyday people through careful analysis of mundane artifacts — like tools and feeding utensils.

Example Sentences

See Examples For:

archaeology

Julian Hirsch, 28, who is finishing a Ph.D. in archaeology at Hebrew University, made aliyah this year because his fieldwork doesn’t exist anywhere else at comparable scale.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Oct. 7, 2026

"It's been this open debate for a century," said Neill Wallis, curator of Florida archaeology, bioarchaeology and the Ceramic Technology Laboratory at the Florida Museum of Natural History.

From Science Daily ● Oct. 6, 2026

Among those attending was Sebastian Dufour, an independent consultant for the Alderney Wildlife Trust, who joined a field trip to Lihou Island exploring its ecology and archaeology.

From BBC ● Oct. 3, 2026

"It's very unique. Typically, we find things that were broken and discarded," said Gifford Waters, collections manager for historical archaeology at the Florida Museum of Natural History.

From Science Daily ● Aug. 22, 2026

She imagines her footprints sinking invisibly through the streets and the sidewalks, below the condensed archaeology of the city to underground plains of rich alluvial clay.

From "Dreaming in Cuban" by Cristina García

Related Words

• excavation
• paleontology