bluff
1 Americanadjective
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good-naturedly direct, blunt, or frank; heartily outspoken.
a big, bluff, generous man.
- Synonyms:
- straightforward, plain-spoken, honest, open, forthright, direct, blunt
- Antonyms:
- roundabout, indirect, circuitous
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presenting a bold and nearly perpendicular front, as a coastline.
a bluff, precipitous headland.
-
Nautical. (of the bow of a vessel) having a full, blunt form.
noun
-
a cliff, headland, or hill with a broad, steep face.
-
North Dakota, Wisconsin, and the Canadian Prairie Provinces. a clump or grove of trees on a prairie or other generally treeless area.
verb (used with object)
-
bluffs,
present (3rd person singular)
-
bluffed,
past participle, past
-
bluffing
present participle
-
to mislead by a display of knowledge, self-confidence, or boldness.
He bluffed me into believing that he was a doctor.
-
to gain by a misleading display of knowledge, self-confidence, or boldness.
He bluffed his way into the job.
-
Poker, Bridge. to deceive (an opponent) by a show of confidence in the strength of one's cards.
verb (used without object)
-
bluffs,
present (3rd person singular)
-
bluffed,
past participle, past
-
bluffing
present participle
-
to mislead someone by presenting a bold, strong, or self-confident front.
They threatened to sue, but they were only bluffing.
-
Poker, Bridge. to deceive an opponent by a show of confidence in the strength of one's cards.
noun
-
an act or instance or the practice of misleading by presenting a bold, strong, or self-confident front.
Her story was all a bluff to get money from us.
His assertive manner is mostly bluff.
-
a person who misleads by presenting knowledge, self-confidence, or boldness; bluffer.
That big bluff doesn't have a nickel to his name.
idioms
-
call someone's bluff, to expose a person's deception, or challenge someone to carry out a threat.
He always said he would quit, so we finally called his bluff.
-
bluff with rags, to display confidence in the strength of one's hand when that hand is weak, as a way to win by making an opponent withdraw from play.
noun
-
a steep promontory, bank, or cliff, esp one formed by river erosion on the outside bend of a meander
-
a clump of trees on the prairie; copse
adjective
-
good-naturedly frank and hearty
-
(of a bank, cliff, etc) presenting a steep broad face
verb
noun
-
deliberate deception intended to create the impression of a stronger position or greater resources than one actually has
-
to challenge someone to give proof of his claims
Usage
What does bluff mean? Bluff describes someone or something that is blunt or frank in a good-natured way. Someone who talks in a bluff manner says things directly but not hurtfully. A bluff is a cliff or hill with a tall face on one side. Bluffs often border a river or ocean because they get their shape from erosion caused by the natural flow of water. To bluff is to mislead by showing strength or confidence. People bluff to make themselves seem more powerful, larger, or of more authority than those being bluffed. A bluff is an act of bluffing. Example: The cabin was built along the bluff, but erosion is making it sink down the hill.
Synonym Usage
See blunt.
Other Word Forms
Derived Forms
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bluffernoun
-
bluffnessnoun
-
bluffableadjective
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unbluffableadjective
-
unbluffedadjective
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blufflyadverb
Inflected Forms
Participles
Conjugated Forms
Present
-
bluffsimple
-
bluffssimple
-
have bluffedperfect
-
has bluffedperfect
-
am bluffingprogressive
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are bluffingprogressive
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is bluffingprogressive
-
have been bluffingperfect progressive
-
has been bluffingperfect progressive
Past
-
bluffedsimple
-
had bluffedperfect
-
was bluffingprogressive
-
were bluffingprogressive
-
had been bluffingperfect progressive
Future
Etymology
Origin of bluff1
First recorded in 1620–30; origin uncertain; perhaps from Middle Low German blaff “smooth, even,” or from Middle Dutch blaf “broad, flat,” i.e., of a face or forehead
Origin of bluff2
First recorded in 1665–75; origin uncertain; perhaps from Low German bluffen “to bluster, frighten”; akin to Middle Dutch bluffen “to make a trick at cards”
Explanation
Bluff can mean a high cliff, or it can describe a person who is abrupt in manner. The most common usage of bluff is as a verb meaning to pretend. If you bluff at cards, you are pretending to have a better hand than you do. Many a good crime story ends with a bluff—"I've already contacted the police and they're on their way," the detective will say when that is not at all the case. The expression "calling your bluff" comes from poker, where you "call" a game to see someone's actual cards. Calling someone's bluff means forcing them to admit the truth.
Vocabulary lists containing bluff
100 Words Every Middle Schooler Should Know
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Tricky Terms for April Fool's Day
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"The Most Dangerous Game" by Richard Connell
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Example Sentences
Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.
See Examples For:
Some interpreted the move as the market calling the Federal Reserve’s bluff.
From MarketWatch ● Aug. 3, 2026
“I think the best way to put it is that the market is calling his bluff on inflation,” said Steve Sosnick, chief strategist at Interactive Brokers.
From MarketWatch ● Jul. 29, 2026
A self-assured broadcaster, critical and competitive, having his bluff called, being invited to not just talk about it, but to be about it: Walk the walk, why don’t you?
From Los Angeles Times ● Jun. 18, 2026
“And he doesn’t bluff, either. What he does is groom us. He prepares us for things that would otherwise be unthinkable.”
From Salon ● May 26, 2026
Natrona sat on the western bluff of the Allegheny River northeast of Pittsburgh.
From "Fannie Never Flinched" by Mary Cronk Farrell
Separately on Thursday, the inquiry heard how Mr Williams had referred to a former sub-postmaster and campaigner, Tim McCormack, as a "bluffer" in a 2015 email.
From BBC ● Apr. 18, 2024
He was a bluffer, implying he advised people he didn’t, and a leaker, ratting out his allies in pursuit of his own agenda.
From Slate ● Aug. 3, 2016
A bluffer, a gambler… he’d rather do it the hard way.
From New York Times ● Feb. 29, 2012
He'd been a bit of a bluffer at his first musical conservatoire.
From The Guardian ● Nov. 23, 2010
The jovial Campers became ever bluffer and heartier and fonder of them as song followed song.
From Mushroom Town by Onions, Oliver
Biggest and bluffest of the four executive vice presidents is balding, 61-year-old Marvin E. Coyle, known as "Mr. Facts & Figures."
From Time Magazine Archive
Preparatory work had been done by a committee headed by Arthur Balfour Baron Riverdale of Sheffield, 62, one of Britain's biggest, baldest, blondest, bluffest steel tycoons.
From Time Magazine Archive
At this stroke the man began to get angry; he frowned, and in his bluffest tone, began: "Look here now, you—" "Ta, ta, ta," interrupted M. Lecoq.
From The Mystery of Orcival by Gaboriau, Émile
Among the latter may be classed Karl Steinmetz—the bluffest of the bluff—innocent even of his own innocence.
From The Sowers by Merriman, Henry Seton
In his bluffest and heartiest way Blake refused to hear of such a thing.
From Love Eternal by Haggard, Henry Rider
Then CRG turned south to Festus, nestled near limestone bluffs and densely forested hilltops.
From The Wall Street Journal ● Apr. 26, 2026
It was the culmination of a series of feints and bluffs in the preceding hours and days as the former reality TV star kept the world guessing.
From Barron's ● Feb. 28, 2026
The agency posted photos online of the firefighters setting up a rope system to recover the body from the beach to the bluffs.
From Los Angeles Times ● Dec. 28, 2025
During the pandemic, on my afternoon walk along the Santa Monica bluffs, I did actually meet another ex-New Yorker, who formed a welcome little pod with me that saw us both through that dark age.
From Los Angeles Times ● Oct. 3, 2025
There were low bluffs, rock and sand and dunes that dimmed away out of sight, but no sign of any human habitation.
From "The Voyage Of The Frog" by Gary Paulsen
Later, when sent to a chemical plant, he volunteered to work as a welder and bluffed his way through a quiz designed to test his qualifications.
From The Wall Street Journal ● Jan. 2, 2026
He bluffed, saying he had no debit card.
From Los Angeles Times ● Nov. 20, 2025
Somehow, whether Judge wanted to stay all along and bluffed the Yankees into a bigger offer or whether the star was really considering other pitches, Cashman was unfazed by Wednesday morning.
From Washington Post ● Dec. 7, 2022
Graham Paddison, of David Duggleby Auctioneers in Scarborough who are selling the lot, said that Mr Hill "bluffed" his way into the room where the Beatles were talking to the press.
From BBC ● Jun. 23, 2022
John couldn’t have gone the rest of his life wondering if I had bluffed him out of a pot that big.
From "The Autobiography of Malcolm X" by Alex Malcolm X;Hailey
Kids know if you’re bluffing, so do not make a threat that you’re not willing to carry though.
From The Wall Street Journal ● May 4, 2026
Mehdi, a 58-year-old salesman believes the opposite, saying that "the Americans are bluffing" and that "the negotiations will be 100% successful".
From Barron's ● Feb. 25, 2026
Beneath all the bluffing lies a determination of credibility.
From Slate ● Nov. 20, 2025
"We aren't bluffing or joking - we don't have a purpose media wise we are only for money and money only and one of our main managers wanted me to reach out to you."
From BBC ● Sep. 29, 2025
Nobody said anything, but we knew he was bluffing.
From "Here to Stay" by Sara Farizan
Definitions and idiom definitions from Dictionary.com Unabridged, based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023
Idioms from The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
