chromosome

[ kroh-muh-sohm ]
/ ˈkroʊ məˌsoʊm /
SEE SYNONYMS FOR chromosome ON THESAURUS.COM

noun Genetics.

any of several threadlike bodies, consisting of chromatin, that carry the genes in a linear order: the human species has 23 pairs, designated 1 to 22 in order of decreasing size and X and Y for the female and male sex chromosomes respectively.

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Origin of chromosome

First recorded in 1885–90; chromo- + -some3

OTHER WORDS FROM chromosome

Words nearby chromosome

chromosomal instability syndrome, chromosomal map, chromosomal region, chromosomal syndrome, chromosomal trait, chromosome, chromosome aberration, chromosome band, chromosome map, chromosome mapping, chromosome number
Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2020

Words related to chromosome

heredity, RNA, gene

Example sentences from the Web for chromosome

British Dictionary definitions for chromosome

chromosome
/ (ˈkrəʊməˌsəʊm) /

noun

any of the microscopic rod-shaped structures that appear in a cell nucleus during cell division, consisting of nucleoprotein arranged into units (genes) that are responsible for the transmission of hereditary characteristicsSee also homologous chromosomes

Derived forms of chromosome

chromosomal, adjectivechromosomally, adverb
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

Medical definitions for chromosome

chromosome
[ krō′mə-sōm′ ]

n.

A threadlike linear strand of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of animal and plant cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information.
A circular strand of DNA in bacteria and cyanobacteria that contains the hereditary information necessary for cell life.

Other words from chromosome

chro′mo•so′mal (-sō′məl) null adj.
The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.

Scientific definitions for chromosome

chromosome
[ krō′mə-sōm′ ]

A structure in all living cells that consists of a single molecule of DNA bonded to various proteins and that carries the genes determining heredity. In all eukaryotic cells, the chromosomes occur as threadlike strands in the nucleus. During cell reproduction, these strands coil up and condense into much thicker structures that are easily viewed under a microscope. Chromosomes occur in pairs in all of the cells of eukaryotes except the reproductive cells, which have one of each chromosome, and some red blood cells (such as those of mammals) that expel their nuclei. In bacterial cells and other prokaryotes, which have no nucleus, the chromosome is a circular strand of DNA located in the cytoplasm.
The American Heritage® Science Dictionary Copyright © 2011. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.