encumber
Americanverb (used with object)
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encumbers,
present (3rd person singular)
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encumbered,
past participle, past
-
encumbering
present participle
-
to impede or hinder; hamper.
Red tape encumbers all our attempts at action.
-
to block up or fill with what is obstructive or superfluous.
a mind encumbered with trivial and useless information.
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to burden or weigh down.
She was encumbered with a suitcase and several packages.
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to burden with obligations, debt, etc.
verb
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to hinder or impede; make difficult; hamper
encumbered with parcels after going shopping at Christmas
his stupidity encumbers his efforts to learn
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to fill with superfluous or useless matter
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to burden with debts, obligations, etc
Other Word Forms
Derived Forms
Inflected Forms
Participles
Conjugated Forms
Present
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encumbersimple
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encumberssimple
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have encumberedperfect
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has encumberedperfect
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am encumberingprogressive
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are encumberingprogressive
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is encumberingprogressive
-
have been encumberingperfect progressive
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has been encumberingperfect progressive
Past
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encumberedsimple
-
had encumberedperfect
-
was encumberingprogressive
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were encumberingprogressive
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had been encumberingperfect progressive
Future
Etymology
Origin of encumber
First recorded in 1300–50; Middle English encombren, encombre, encomber, from Anglo-French, Middle French encombrer, equivalent to en- prefix + -combrer, verbal derivative of combre “dam, weir,” from early Medieval Latin combrus, from Gaulish comberos (unrecorded) “confluence, bringing together” (compare Quimper, in Brittany, from Breton Kemper ); see en- 1, com-, bear 1
Explanation
To encumber is to weigh someone or something down with a physical or psychological burden. You may find yourself encumbered by a heavy backpack or with anxieties. Either way, it's a heavy load to bear! You can also use encumber to describe something that restricts you in some way: you're so encumbered by your homework load you can’t go to the concert Saturday night. The root, cumber, has several shades of meaning — including "to burden" and "to be overwhelmed."
Vocabulary lists containing encumber
The Vocabulary.com Top 1000
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100 SAT Words Beginning with "E"
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Oliver Twist
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Example Sentences
Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.
See Examples For:
“Traditionally, these big changes are something that you grant to the next mayor because you don’t want to necessarily encumber them,” Matute said.
From Los Angeles Times ● Jul. 31, 2026
The next sequels, I suspect, will give them more time for that, but may also encumber them with more baggage.
From New York Times ● Dec. 14, 2022
"It was a time to really get to know one another with no outside influences to encumber you," Duffy told the outlet.
From Fox News ● Jul. 3, 2021
“Are we going to encumber the writer, when we are here to serve the writer?”
From Washington Post ● Jul. 16, 2019
A shocking number of phrases that drop easily from the fingers are bloated with words that encumber the reader without conveying any content.
From "The Sense of Style" by Steven Pinker
“That is expensive, not sustainable and encumbers future generations with further long-term liabilities,” Karsten Smid, an energy expert with the group’s German branch, said in a statement.
From Seattle Times ● Feb. 26, 2024
By now we all know the basic data about college student loan debt—that it totals more than $1.7 trillion, encumbers around 40 million people at present, and cannot be absolved in bankruptcy.
From Salon ● Aug. 14, 2021
North Korea’s trade with China plunged more than 80% last year, Chinese customs data has shown, as the isolated country’s strict coronavirus lockdown encumbers an economy already burdened by international sanctions.
From The Guardian ● Jan. 19, 2021
He has said that he wears one when he’s concerned about being respectful, but that a jacket encumbers his political pugilism.
From Washington Post ● Jun. 10, 2020
It’s the way civilized man now encumbers his territory, not with great walls or stretches of wire but with a single well-placed device, a neat bundling with the workings of a mind.
From "Native Speaker" by Chang-rae Lee
He gets straight into it on his new record, on an opening track encumbered with the blindingly literal title, "Opening".
From BBC ● Sep. 11, 2025
While Season 14 had its fair share of bright spots, it was encumbered by fan expectations and production growing pains.
From Salon ● Feb. 12, 2025
Long encumbered by a mouthful of metal, Zachary was told by his parents Friday that he could leave his fifth-grade class early because he had an orthodontist appointment to get his braces removed.
From Los Angeles Times ● Oct. 28, 2024
Tuition rates are high, students leave encumbered with more debt and the state gives less to higher education than others.
From Seattle Times ● Oct. 10, 2023
I myself was encumbered with Judy Poovey and her friends Tracy and Beth.
From "The Secret History" by Donna Tartt
Matus is seeking an injunction preventing the three defendants — Goldin Auctions, LLC, and Florida residents Chris Belanski and Kelvin Ramirez — from “transferring, encumbering, selling, or concealing the 50/50 Ball.”
From Los Angeles Times ● Sep. 26, 2024
Forbes reported on how the influx of returns has encumbering retailers since early 2021.
From Washington Times ● Jun. 28, 2022
This can be an offer to hold any encumbering items — though not, presumably, the cane.
From Washington Post ● Sep. 21, 2021
Personally, I blame the baggy white t-shirt Mickelson was wearing underneath his polo, the added weight encumbering his movement.
From Golf Digest ● Mar. 25, 2020
Only a mile of ascent, or a little more, lay before us; but so feeble were the oxen that we had the greatest difficulty to drive them to the top, even without the encumbering waggon.
From From Veldt Camp Fires by H.A. Bryden
Definitions and idiom definitions from Dictionary.com Unabridged, based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023
Idioms from The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
