escarpment

American  

[ih-skahrp-muhnt] / ɪˈskɑrp mənt /

noun

1. Geology. a long, precipitous, clifflike ridge of land, rock, or the like, commonly formed by faulting or fracturing of the earth's crust.

2. ground cut into an escarp around a fortification or defensive position.

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escarpment British  

/ ɪˈskɑːpmənt /

noun

1. 1. the long continuous steep face of a ridge or plateau formed by erosion; scarp

   2. any steep slope, such as one resulting from faulting

2. a steep artificial slope immediately in front of the rampart of a fortified place

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escarpment Scientific  

/ ĭ-skärp′mənt /

1. A steep slope or long cliff formed by erosion or by vertical movement of the Earth's crust along a fault. Escarpments separate two relatively level areas of land. The term is often used interchangeably with scarp but is more accurately associated with cliffs produced by erosional processes rather than those produced by faulting.

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Etymology

Origin of escarpment

From the French word escarpement, dating back to 1795–1805. See escarp, -ment

Explanation

You are standing at the foot of a cliff. You look up at the steep, sharp wall of rock above you and realize you are seeing an escarpment. At this moment, you can truly appreciate the power of natural erosion. The history of the word escarpment can be found in the Italian scarpa and the French verb escarper, meaning "to make into a steep slope." This became the noun referring to a natural cliff, usually found where the land forms shift from highlands to a low plateau, with the sharp slope of an escarpment dividing the two landscapes. The word was also applied to a non-natural protective barrier usually built up in front of castles or forts.

Example Sentences

The escarpment is a line of cliffs and steep hills created by a geologic fault.

From Salon • Jul. 7, 2025

A second engraving, found in 2015 during a survey of the Jebel az-Zilliyat escarpment in Saudi Arabia, is inscribed on a sandstone boulder more than three meters wide and two meters high.

From Scientific American • May 17, 2023

We turned east, climbing up the Hat Creek Rim, an escarpment 1,000 feet above the Hat Creek valley floor and an overlook showcasing multiple volcanic peaks and cones.

From Seattle Times • Sep. 16, 2022

What remains are mostly tiny and tricky lots like 1490, which faces onto a subway viaduct and is partly taken up by a rock escarpment.

From New York Times • Feb. 4, 2022

He kept glancing at that rocky escarpment, expecting the face of Gaea to appear in its shadows.

From "The House of Hades" by Rick Riordan