furlough

American  

[fur-loh] / ˈfɜr loʊ /

noun

• furloughs
  plural

1. 

   Military. a vacation or leave of absence granted to an enlisted person.

2. a usually temporary layoff from work.

   Many plant workers have been forced to go on furlough.

3. a temporary leave of absence authorized for a prisoner from a penitentiary.

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verb (used with object)

• furloughs,
  present (3rd person singular)
• furloughed,
  past participle,  past
• furloughing
  present participle

1. to grant a furlough to.

2. to lay (an employee or worker) off from work, usually temporarily.

furlough British  

/ ˈfɜːləʊ /

noun

1. leave of absence from military duty

2. a temporary laying-off of employees, usually because there is insufficient work to occupy them

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verb

1. to grant a furlough to

2. to lay off (staff) temporarily

Usage

What’s the difference between furlough and layoff? A furlough is a temporary release of a worker from their job, typically with the expectation that they will be asked to return. A layoff is usually a permanent removal from a job. Both words can also be used as verbs. An organization can furlough employees or lay off employees. The adjective forms are furloughed and laid off. A furlough typically involves an employer requiring an employee to stop working for a period of time during which they will not get paid—though furloughed workers sometimes keep their benefits, such as health insurance. Furloughs can happen during government shutdowns or when a company does not need certain employees for a certain period of time but expects to need them back after that period ends. The word layoff is typically used in the context of a company permanently letting go workers due to economic reasons (such as not being able to afford to pay them) as opposed to performance reasons (employees let go for poor performance are typically said to have been fired). Here’s an example of furlough and layoff used correctly in a sentence. Example: A furlough is not ideal, but at least it’s temporary—the company is doing it to avoid layoffs. Want to learn more? Read the full breakdown of the difference between furlough and layoff.

Other Word Forms

Derived Forms

• prefurlough
  noun

Inflected Forms

Nouns

• furloughs
  plural

Participles

• furloughing
  present
• furloughed
  past

Conjugated Forms

Present

• furlough
  simple
• furloughs
  simple
• have furloughed
  perfect
• has furloughed
  perfect
• am furloughing
  progressive
• are furloughing
  progressive
• is furloughing
  progressive
• have been furloughing
  perfect progressive
• has been furloughing
  perfect progressive

Past

• furloughed
  simple
• had furloughed
  perfect
• was furloughing
  progressive
• were furloughing
  progressive
• had been furloughing
  perfect progressive

Future

• will furlough
  simple
• will have furloughed
  perfect
• will be furloughing
  progressive
• will have been furloughing
  perfect progressive

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Etymology

Origin of furlough

First recorded in 1615–25; variant of earlier furloff, furlogh, from Dutch verlof “dismissal, permission to leave,” appparently from Middle Low German vorlōf, noun derivative of vorlöven “to permit (to leave),” blend of vor- for- and erlöven “to allow, permit” ( see a- ³ ( def. ), leave ² ( def. )); cognate with German erlauben, verlauben, Gothic uslaubjan, Old English ālīefan “to allow, permit”; current pronunciation by association with dough, etc.

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Explanation

Furlough started as a word for time off from military duty. It spread from there to other types of time off, including an employer furloughing (or laying off) employees. If you're in the military — a pretty tough job — you're probably looking forward to a furlough. That's a leave of absence or bit of time off, kind of like a break or vacation. That kind of a furlough is a great chance for some rest and relaxation. Outside the military, to furlough still means to grant a leave of absence to someone, but often it's a permanent vacation: if your boss furloughed you, he fired you.

Example Sentences

See Examples For:

furlough furloughs furloughed furloughing

The horses get five weeks of furlough every year, 24/7 attention at the stables, regular veterinary care and a day off whenever temperatures exceed 90 degrees.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Aug. 3, 2026

He guided the company through the pandemic and made a then-prescient call to not furlough employees during the earliest days of Covid, helping restaurants to recover more quickly.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Jul. 28, 2026

Employee furlough days, campus closures, job reductions and thousands of layoffs are among the looming cuts — actions the school board has largely postponed until July 1, 2027.

From Los Angeles Times ● Jul. 17, 2026

There was major spending during the Covid pandemic for things like the furlough scheme which were announced outside of a Budget.

From BBC ● Jul. 1, 2026

Sixth Cavalry on temporary furlough to become actors in Colonel Cody’s show.

From "The Devil in the White City" by Erik Larson

The lower the number, the more choice they have in which plane to fly, the higher their hourly compensation and the less risk of layoffs or furloughs.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Sep. 16, 2026

“We’ve seen layoffs and furloughs, and we will see a lot more of that if these invoices aren’t paid.”

From Los Angeles Times ● Jul. 30, 2026

Further strains resulting from furloughs would compound the issues, he said.

From MarketWatch ● Jan. 30, 2026

Some park employees said the furloughs have compounded stressors from firings, retirements and buyouts over the last year or so.

From Los Angeles Times ● Nov. 12, 2025

During the winter the soldiers were granted frequent furloughs, the militia was disbanded, and I went back home.

From From Bull Run to Appomattox by Luther W. Hopkins

Economists at the Bureau of Labor Statistics were not able to collect all the usual price data in October and November because they were furloughed and unable to work.

From MarketWatch ● Mar. 10, 2026

Thousands of federal DHS employees have been furloughed, while others have been asked to keep working without pay until Congress passes a budget.

From Barron's ● Mar. 9, 2026

The company furloughed the majority of its employees, shuttered its operations and filed for bankruptcy the following month, according to the indictment.

From Los Angeles Times ● Mar. 1, 2026

Jerry furloughed all his employees and shut down for three months, until the theater was allowed to reopen with strict social distancing rules in place.

From Salon ● Dec. 18, 2025

Wrote to T. L. All looking for the return of the furloughed men.

From An Artilleryman's Diary by Jenkins Lloyd Jones

The Caribbean island’s Communist authorities are rationing dwindling fuel supplies, curtailing public transportation and furloughing workers.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Feb. 10, 2026

Even if there is a shutdown, Marcus expects that most tax-return processing will continue and that the IRS will avoid furloughing workers.

From MarketWatch ● Jan. 26, 2026

It also recently announced that it would be furloughing 270 pilots and downgrading around 140 captains to first officers.

From Los Angeles Times ● Sep. 5, 2025

Stellantis on Wednesday joined GM and Ford in furloughing some employees at other factories because of the ripple effects of the strikes, including parts shortages, storage constraints and other issues.

From Reuters ● Sep. 21, 2023

Soon after General Lincoln published an order furloughing him to his plantation until able to resume active duty, but Charles Town was captured before Marion was able to return.

From A Sketch of the life of Brig. Gen. Francis Marion and a history of his brigade by William Dobein James

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