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  • short circuit
    short circuit
    noun
    an abnormal, usually unintentional condition of relatively low resistance between two points of different potential in a circuit, usually resulting in a flow of excess current.
  • short-circuit
    short-circuit
    verb (used with object)
Synonyms

short circuit

1 American  

noun

Electricity.
  1. Also called short.  an abnormal, usually unintentional condition of relatively low resistance between two points of different potential in a circuit, usually resulting in a flow of excess current.


short-circuit 2 American  
[shawrt-sur-kit] / ˌʃɔrtˈsɜr kɪt /

verb (used with object)

short-circuits, present (3rd person singular) short-circuited, past participle, past short-circuiting present participle
  1. Electricity.

    1. to make (an appliance, switch, etc.) inoperable by establishing a short circuit in.

    2. to carry (a current) as a short circuit.

  2. to bypass, impede, hinder, or frustrate.

    Bad weather short-circuited my vacation plans.


verb (used without object)

short-circuits, present (3rd person singular) short-circuited, past participle, past short-circuiting present participle
  1. Electricity. to form a short circuit or become inoperable due to a short circuit.

short circuit British  

noun

  1. a faulty or accidental connection between two points of different potential in an electric circuit, bypassing the load and establishing a path of low resistance through which an excessive current can flow. It can cause damage to the components if the circuit is not protected by a fuse

"Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged" 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

verb

  1. to develop or cause to develop a short circuit

  2. (tr) to bypass (a procedure, regulation, etc)

  3. (tr) to hinder or frustrate (plans, etc)

"Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged" 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012
short circuit Scientific  
/ shôrt /
  1. An electrical path in a circuit that causes most of the current to flow around or away from some other path in the circuit. Accidental short circuits, especially between the high and low voltages of a power supply, can cause very strong current to flow, possibly damaging or overheating the circuit.


short circuit Cultural  
  1. An electrical circuit in which a path of very low resistance has been opened, usually accidentally. When the resistance drops, the electric current (see also current) in the circuit becomes very high and can cause damage to the circuit and start fires.


Other Word Forms

Inflected Forms

Participles

Conjugated Forms

Present

Past

Future

Etymology

Origin of short circuit1

First recorded in 1875–80

Origin of short-circuit2

First recorded in 1870–75

Example Sentences

Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.

See Examples For:

Preliminary investigations by Bangkok's disaster mitigation department suggest the fire could have been caused by an electrical short circuit in an air conditioner, though no official cause has been given.

From BBC Jul. 13, 2026

Adams pointed to social media platforms like X as evidence that machines “can easily short circuit our sense of human accountability and responsibility.”

From Salon Mar. 30, 2026

These thread like growths, known as filaments, would keep extending until they created a short circuit and destroyed the pixel.

From Science Daily Mar. 4, 2026

The fire may have been caused by a short circuit, he said.

From Barron's Oct. 12, 2025

“I guess there must of been a short circuit or something in the wiring,” Buddy Gabaldon mumbled lamely.

From "The Milagro Beanfield War" by John Nichols

So a lot of people think bubbles are an ideological thing, instead of a material thing with reasons and motives that are totally rational — and that we can short-circuit.

From Salon Jun. 22, 2026

His 8-foot wingspan and uncanny quickness let him short-circuit opposing offenses all by himself.

From The Wall Street Journal May 31, 2026

Kalshi dismissed the charges as "seriously flawed" and "gamesmanship," saying Arizona was attempting to short-circuit its own lawsuit against the state, filed on March 12.

From Barron's Mar. 17, 2026

It's an album of intimate, gauzy pop, almost entirely drumless and built around hypnotic musical loops that short-circuit your emotions.

From BBC Dec. 20, 2025

Cooper reminded Shepard that his body was covered with sensors and electrical wires; he’d short-circuit the system.

From "Fallout: Spies, Superbombs, and the Ultimate Cold War Showdown" by Steve Sheinkin

Eventually, they reach the bottom electrode, creating a permanent connection that short-circuits the device and leaves it stuck in the on state.

From Science Daily Apr. 7, 2026

Her faith is no facade, and it short-circuits the sort of subtextual psychological approach we might expect in a more typical bio-drama.

From The Wall Street Journal Dec. 24, 2025

This can be triggered by events from short-circuits to physical damage and manufacturing defects, and which allows heat-producing chemical reactions to start within the battery.

From BBC Sep. 10, 2025

Beyond that, the decision short-circuits the careful development of the law of PLCAA.

From Slate Jun. 6, 2025

Ross has woven a spell over him, I think, in which—what do you call it?—flex and tungsten and short-circuits and all the rest of that impossible jargon of these light-fiends are inextricably mixed.

From The Riddle of the Spinning Wheel by Hanshew, Mary E.

“The energy price shock has short-circuited the monetary easing cycle,” said analysts Maybank.

From The Wall Street Journal Mar. 20, 2026

That process normally requires an investigation, but can be short-circuited where there are serious harms, risks to children, and histories of non-compliance.

From BBC Jan. 9, 2026

But I was like this person who was short-circuited and I didn’t know how to fix myself.”

From MarketWatch Jan. 8, 2026

"Maybe it's the failure of Oslo that gave rise to the rather unconventional approach that Trump has taken, where he has short-circuited any sort of process and simply pressured and cajoled," Yacoubian said.

From Barron's Oct. 14, 2025

We got a blink for the first time since the STM short-circuited.

From "The First State of Being" by Erin Entrada Kelly

Apple shares had their worst day in more than a year Thursday after it announced big price increases, short-circuiting a tech rally sparked by memory maker Micron’s solid results.

From The Wall Street Journal Jun. 26, 2026

She’s the film’s sole draw, but Thatcher's expertise can’t save it from short-circuiting in the end.

From Salon Jan. 31, 2025

Marsha Hunt appeared in more than 50 films before being accused of communist sympathies, short-circuiting her career.

From Los Angeles Times Jan. 11, 2024

By short-circuiting this process SAP05 provides a new way of carrying out the essential task of protein degradation which serves its own parasitic purpose and is completely independent of ubiquitin.

From Science Daily Dec. 5, 2023

Heat lightning shoots through my skull, short-circuiting the wires.

From "Wintergirls" by Laurie Halse Anderson

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