chalk

American  

[chawk] / tʃɔk /

noun

chalks plural

1. a soft, white, powdery limestone consisting chiefly of fossil shells of foraminifers.

2. a prepared piece of chalk or chalklike substance for marking, as for writing on a blackboard.

3. a mark made with chalk.

4. a score or tally.

5. Sports Slang. the competitor considered most likely to win by the oddsmakers; favorite.

   If you don’t know anything about either team, just bet the chalk.

---

verb (used with object)

1. to mark or write with chalk.

2. to rub over or whiten with chalk.

3. to treat or mix with chalk.

   to chalk a billiard cue.

4. to make pale; blanch.

   Terror chalked her face.

verb (used without object)

1. (of paint) to powder from weathering.

adjective

1. of, made of, or drawn with chalk.

verb phrase

1. chalk up

   1. to score or earn.

      They chalked up two runs in the first inning.

   2. to charge or ascribe to.

      It was a poor performance, but may be chalked up to lack of practice.

chalk British  

/ tʃɔːk /

noun

1. a soft fine-grained white sedimentary rock consisting of nearly pure calcium carbonate, containing minute fossil fragments of marine organisms, usually without a cementing material

2. a piece of chalk or a substance like chalk, often coloured, used for writing and drawing on a blackboard

3. a line, mark, etc made with chalk

4. billiards snooker a small cube of prepared chalk or similar substance for rubbing the tip of a cue

5. a score, tally, or record

6. informal totally different in essentials

7. informal by far

8. to be unable to judge or appreciate important differences

9. informal by no means; not possibly

10. (modifier) made of chalk

---

verb

1. to draw or mark (something) with chalk

2. (tr) to mark, rub, or whiten with or as if with chalk

3. (intr) (of paint) to become chalky; powder

4. (tr) to spread chalk on (land) as a fertilizer

chalk Scientific  

/ chôk /

1. A soft, white, gray, or yellow limestone consisting mainly of calcium carbonate and formed primarily from the accumulation of fossil microorganisms such as foraminifera and calcareous algae. Chalk is used in making lime, cement, and fertilizers, and as a whitening pigment in ceramics, paints, and cosmetics. The chalk used in classrooms is usually artificial.

---

Other Word Forms

Derived Forms

• chalkiness
  noun
• chalklike
  adjective
• chalky
  adjective
• unchalked
  adjective

Inflected Forms

Nouns

• chalks
  plural

Etymology

Origin of chalk

First recorded before 900; Middle English chalk, schalk, calk, Old English cealc “plaster, cement”; cognate with Old Saxon calc, Dutch kalk, German Kalch, Kalk, from Latin calc- (stem of calx ) “lime, limestone, quicklime,” from Greek chálix “small stone, rubble, gravel, mortar”

Explanation

Chalk is a very soft kind of rock or limestone. While chalk is made of shells and the skeletons of sea creatures, it's usually found above sea level in pits or quarries. Chalk is made of the element calcium carbonite, and it has agricultural uses, as well as showing up (in tiny amounts) in both toothpaste and antacids. The kind of chalk that you use for writing on a blackboard or decorating the sidewalk was originally made from calcium carbonite, but modern writing chalk is more often made of gypsum, a related form of calcium. Chalk comes from the Latin calx, "limestone," with the Greek root khalix, "small pebble."

Example Sentences

See Examples For:

chalk chalks

"In the surrounding chalk grassland, they can discover how plants and insects cope with extreme heat, and why shade, varied vegetation and connected habitats can provide vital refuges for wildlife."

From BBC ● Jul. 24, 2026

Anderson and others chalk the recent selloff to a case of “FOMO,” which stands for “fear of missing out.”

From MarketWatch ● Jul. 15, 2026

Claudie Paddick was walking her dogs along the River Itchen, a pristine chalk stream about 70 miles southwest of London, when she spotted what looked like an injured deer.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Jul. 14, 2026

Neither was I expecting to be standing thigh-high in a chalk stream surrounded by people armed with poles wearing waders and lifejackets.

From BBC ● Jun. 30, 2026

What we did was terrible, but still I don’t think any of us were bad, exactly; chalk it up to weakness on my part, hubris on Henry’s, too much Greek prose composition—whatever you like.

From "The Secret History" by Donna Tartt

It chalks up another $1.6 trillion to its connectivity business.

From MarketWatch ● Jun. 10, 2026

At the same time, Jackson said text rewritten by humans is increasingly flagged by AI detectors, a trend he chalks up to people unconsciously starting to copy AI’s style.

From The Wall Street Journal ● May 6, 2026

Put it this way, if Puka Nacua chalks up 225 receiving yards again, the Rams will win.

From BBC ● Jan. 25, 2026

But even if one chalks his behavior up to stupidity instead of malice, the outcome is the same.

From Salon ● Mar. 6, 2025

It’s weak, but he chalks it up to adrenaline.

From "Love, Hate & Other Filters" by Samira Ahmed

Related Words

• address
• compose
• create
• draft
• note
• pen
• print
• record
• rewrite
• scrawl
• scribble
• sign
• tell