nuclear reactor

American  

[noo-klee-er ree-ak-ter, nyoo-] / ˈnu kli ər riˈæk tər, ˈnyu- /

noun

Physics.

1. an apparatus in which a nuclear-fission chain reaction can be initiated, sustained, and controlled, for generating heat or producing useful radiation.

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nuclear reactor British  

noun

1. Sometimes shortened to: reactor.  Former name: atomic pile.  a device in which a nuclear reaction is maintained and controlled for the production of nuclear energy See also fission reactor fusion reactor

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nuclear reactor Scientific  

1. A device used to generate power, in which nuclear fission takes place as a controlled chain reaction, producing heat energy that is generally used to drive turbines and provide electric power. Nuclear reactors are used as a source of power in large power grids and in submarines.

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nuclear reactor Cultural  

1. A device in which the energy released by the fission of nuclei of uranium or another element is used to produce steam to run an electrical generator or other device.

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Pronunciation

See nuclear ( def. ).

Closer Look

A nuclear reactor uses a nuclear fission chain reaction to produce energy. The cylindrical core of a reactor consists of fuel rods containing pellets of fissionable material, usually uranium 235 or plutonium 239. These unstable isotopes readily split apart into smaller nuclei (in the fission reaction) when they absorb a neutron; they release large quantities of energy upon splitting, along with more neutrons that may be absorbed by the nuclei of other isotopes, causing a chain reaction. The neutrons are expelled from the fission reaction at very high speeds, and are not likely to be absorbed at such speeds. Moderators such as heavy water are therefore needed to slow the neutrons to a speed at which they are readily absorbed. The fuel rods contain enough fissionable material arranged in close enough proximity to start a self-sustaining chain reaction. To regulate the speed of the reaction, the fuel rods are interspersed with control rods made of a material (usually boron or cadmium) that absorbs some of the neutrons given off by the fuel. The deeper the control rods are inserted into the reactor core, the more the reaction is slowed down. If the control rods are fully inserted, the reaction stops. The chain reaction releases enormous amounts of heat, which is transferred through a closed loop of radioactive water to a separate, nonradioactive water system, creating pressurized steam. The steam drives turbines to turn electrical generators.

Etymology

Origin of nuclear reactor

First recorded in 1940–45

Example Sentences

The UK runs nine nuclear reactors but they are ageing, with eight set to shut by 2030.

From BBC

A gigawatt is roughly the capacity of a large nuclear reactor.

From Barron's

If approved, it would be the first time Tepco is allowed to recommence nuclear reactor operations in Japan since its Fukushima plant went into meltdown following a tsunami.

From BBC

Power company Kansai Electric said in July it was taking an initial step towards building the nation's first new nuclear reactor since the Fukushima disaster.

From Barron's

A year ago, Virginia's main utility provider, Dominion Energy, already had a data-center order book of 40 gigawatts -- equivalent to the output of 40 nuclear reactors.

From Barron's

Related Words

• reactor