proportional representation

American  

noun

1. a method of voting by which political parties are given legislative representation in proportion to their popular vote.

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proportional representation British  

noun

1.  PR.  Compare: first-past-the-post.  representation of parties in an elective body in proportion to the votes they win

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proportional representation Cultural  

1. An electoral system in which seats in a legislature are awarded to each party on the basis of its share of the popular vote. The United States does not use a system of proportional representation. Membership in the Senate and the House of Representatives, for example, is based on individual candidates' receiving a majority of votes. Such a system strongly encourages the formation of only two major political parties.

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Though proportional representation has been attempted in a few American cities, many American politicians argue that it tends to fragment the government, preventing quick and decisive action.

In Israel and some nations in Europe, a system of proportional representation guarantees that small parties will have official recognition in the government, thus leading to a multiparty government.

Etymology

Origin of proportional representation

First recorded in 1865–70

Example Sentences

See Examples For:

proportional representation

New Zealand adopted proportional representation in 1993, but the New Zealand House of Representatives does not have a fixed parliament size.

From Science Daily ● Aug. 2, 2026

Researchers from the University of Cambridge and the University of Copenhagen examined proportional representation and first-past-the-post systems.

From Science Daily ● Aug. 2, 2026

Courts and advocacy groups increasingly treated proportional representation as a requirement.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Apr. 29, 2026

The Holyrood voting system is a mix of first-past-the-post and proportional representation - making it harder for a party to secure a majority than in a Westminster election, for instance.

From BBC ● Apr. 18, 2026

“Stephen, I didn’t study how to save your ass in Waynesboro. I majored in political science. If your problem was to do with proportional representation in Switzerland, I might be able to help you.”

From "A Walk in the Woods" by Bill Bryson