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  • short circuit
    short circuit
    noun
    an abnormal, usually unintentional condition of relatively low resistance between two points of different potential in a circuit, usually resulting in a flow of excess current.
  • short-circuit
    short-circuit
    verb (used with object)
Synonyms

short circuit

1 American  

noun

Electricity.
  1. Also called short.  an abnormal, usually unintentional condition of relatively low resistance between two points of different potential in a circuit, usually resulting in a flow of excess current.


short-circuit 2 American  
[shawrt-sur-kit] / ˌʃɔrtˈsɜr kɪt /

verb (used with object)

short-circuits, present (3rd person singular) short-circuited, past participle, past short-circuiting present participle
  1. Electricity.

    1. to make (an appliance, switch, etc.) inoperable by establishing a short circuit in.

    2. to carry (a current) as a short circuit.

  2. to bypass, impede, hinder, or frustrate.

    Bad weather short-circuited my vacation plans.


verb (used without object)

short-circuits, present (3rd person singular) short-circuited, past participle, past short-circuiting present participle
  1. Electricity. to form a short circuit or become inoperable due to a short circuit.

short circuit British  

noun

  1. a faulty or accidental connection between two points of different potential in an electric circuit, bypassing the load and establishing a path of low resistance through which an excessive current can flow. It can cause damage to the components if the circuit is not protected by a fuse

"Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged" 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

verb

  1. to develop or cause to develop a short circuit

  2. (tr) to bypass (a procedure, regulation, etc)

  3. (tr) to hinder or frustrate (plans, etc)

"Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged" 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012
short circuit Scientific  
/ shôrt /
  1. An electrical path in a circuit that causes most of the current to flow around or away from some other path in the circuit. Accidental short circuits, especially between the high and low voltages of a power supply, can cause very strong current to flow, possibly damaging or overheating the circuit.


short circuit Cultural  
  1. An electrical circuit in which a path of very low resistance has been opened, usually accidentally. When the resistance drops, the electric current (see also current) in the circuit becomes very high and can cause damage to the circuit and start fires.


Other Word Forms

Inflected Forms

Participles

Conjugated Forms

Present

Past

Future

Etymology

Origin of short circuit1

First recorded in 1875–80

Origin of short-circuit2

First recorded in 1870–75

Example Sentences

Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.

See Examples For:

These thread like growths, known as filaments, would keep extending until they created a short circuit and destroyed the pixel.

From Science Daily Mar. 4, 2026

Local broadcaster NDTV, citing unnamed police officials, said that a short circuit may have sparked the fire.

From Barron's Oct. 14, 2025

“Now they want to short circuit the whole process,” McGoldrick added.

From Los Angeles Times Jun. 23, 2025

International Paralympic Committee president Andrew Parsons ran a short circuit of the athletics track following the ignition earlier.

From BBC Aug. 24, 2024

Something had gone wrong in the electrical system of the command module, resulting in a short circuit.

From "Flying to the Moon: An Astronaut's Story" by Michael Collins

Pupils attempt to short-circuit the devices by breaking off charging pins or jamming metal items into power ports, causing them to overheat and, in some cases, going on fire.

From BBC Apr. 13, 2026

If Seth wanted a fast decision—to short-circuit the deliberative process through which the company made most decisions—we wanted to hear the cast read the script.

From The Wall Street Journal Feb. 19, 2026

"Frost, low cloud, fog. In such weather, it is difficult for a drone to fly. It can short-circuit, it can break in the air," said Nazariy, one of the brigade's squad commanders.

From Barron's Feb. 16, 2026

In recent years, those officials noted, both Democratic and Republican administrations have tried at times to short-circuit competition for big cases among law enforcement agencies and judicial districts.

From Salon Jun. 26, 2025

And maybe with Tamika’s help, I wouldn’t short-circuit everything.

From "Sir Fig Newton and the Science of Persistence" by Sonja Thomas

Eventually, they reach the bottom electrode, creating a permanent connection that short-circuits the device and leaves it stuck in the on state.

From Science Daily Apr. 7, 2026

The sales process likely short-circuits an alternative WBD plan next year to spin off its old-style TV assets, hoping to make its remaining assets more attractive to potential buyers like Apple, Amazon and Netflix.

From The Wall Street Journal Oct. 24, 2025

This can be triggered by events from short-circuits to physical damage and manufacturing defects, and which allows heat-producing chemical reactions to start within the battery.

From BBC Sep. 10, 2025

Beyond that, the decision short-circuits the careful development of the law of PLCAA.

From Slate Jun. 6, 2025

The majority of the fires were of secondary origin starting from the usual electrical short-circuits, broken gas lines, overturned stoves, open fires, charcoal braziers, lamps, etc., following collapse or serious damage from the direct blast.

From The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Manhattan District

“The energy price shock has short-circuited the monetary easing cycle,” said analysts Maybank.

From The Wall Street Journal Mar. 20, 2026

That process normally requires an investigation, but can be short-circuited where there are serious harms, risks to children, and histories of non-compliance.

From BBC Jan. 9, 2026

But I was like this person who was short-circuited and I didn’t know how to fix myself.”

From MarketWatch Jan. 8, 2026

"Maybe it's the failure of Oslo that gave rise to the rather unconventional approach that Trump has taken, where he has short-circuited any sort of process and simply pressured and cajoled," Yacoubian said.

From Barron's Oct. 14, 2025

It was like my brain short-circuited and I forgot who I was talking to, that I was still mad at Trevor.

From "From the Desk of Zoe Washington" by Janae Marks

Apple shares had their worst day in more than a year Thursday after it announced big price increases, short-circuiting a tech rally sparked by memory maker Micron’s solid results.

From The Wall Street Journal Jun. 26, 2026

She’s the film’s sole draw, but Thatcher's expertise can’t save it from short-circuiting in the end.

From Salon Jan. 31, 2025

Don’t put it in a freezer – this might stop your device from short-circuiting but the problem will be back once you try to thaw it.

From Seattle Times Feb. 29, 2024

Marsha Hunt appeared in more than 50 films before being accused of communist sympathies, short-circuiting her career.

From Los Angeles Times Jan. 11, 2024

That odd, crackling noise you hear is the sound of a sentence short-circuiting!

From "Woe Is I" by Patricia T. O'Conner

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